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Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

Chapter 1 The Air We Breathe

Multiple Choice Questions

1.

Based on Table 1.1, which air pollutant is the only one to have increased between 1983 and 2002? A. B. C. D.

sulfur dioxide ozone particulate matter None of these choices is correct.

Note that all pollutants decreased in concentration over this time frame. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.03 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

2.

Of five major gaseous components of air, which is the only one to vary significantly in concentration from place to place and from day to day?

A. B. C. D.

water vapor carbon dioxide nitrogen argon

Think about differences in humidity. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.02 Topic: Study of Chemistry

1-1 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

3.

Which two gases make up more than 95% of an inhaled breath? A. B. C. D.

NO2 and N2 CO2 and O2 O2 and N2 N2 and Ar

Think about the two main components of the atmosphere. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.02 Topic: Study of Chemistry

4.

What is the primary component of an exhaled breath? A. B. C. D.

N2 O2 CO2 H 2O

The main component of an exhaled breath is the same as the main component of an inhaled breath. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.02 Topic: Study of Chemistry

5.

Which component of the air makes up approximately 100 times more of an exhaled breath than of an inhaled breath? A. B. C. D.

Ar O2 O3 CO2 Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.02 Topic: Study of Chemistry

1-2 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

6.

The ________ concentration in the air over the desert differs dramatically from that in the air in the tropical rainforest. A. B. C. D.

N2 O2 CO2 H 2O

Think about the dry air in the desert. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.02 Topic: Study of Chemistry

7.

Which component of the air is an element? A. B. C. D.

H 2O NO2 O3 CO2

Only one of these contains all the same type of atom. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Components of Matter Topic: Study of Chemistry

8.

Air is a(n) A. B. C. D.

element. compound. mixture. pure substance.

There are several substances in air. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Classification of Matter Topic: Components of Matter

1-3 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

9.

Which substance is not considered to be an air pollutant? A. B. C. D.

N2 SO2 NO2 O3

One if these is the primary component of uncontaminated air while the rest are pollutants. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.03 Subtopic: Classification of Matter Topic: Components of Matter Topic: Study of Chemistry

10.

Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the ________ but is a valuable protective layer in the __________. A. B. C. D.

troposphere; stratosphere stratosphere; mesosphere stratosphere; troposphere mesosphere; stratosphere

Remember that we live in the troposphere. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.02 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

1-4 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

11.

A particular sample of air is 2.5% water vapor. Express the concentration of water vapor in parts per million (ppm). A. B. C. D.

0.0000025 ppm 0.025 ppm 250 ppm 25000 ppm

Percent is parts per hundred. One hundred is 10,000 times less than one million. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.02 Subtopic: Measurements Topic: Study of Chemistry

12.

The EPA limit for CO is 9 ppm. Express this number as a percentage. A. B. C. D.

90% 9% 0.09% 0.0009%

Percent is parts per hundred. One hundred is 10,000 times less than one million. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.02 Subtopic: Measurements Topic: Study of Chemistry

13.

The quantity 0.0000064 g expressed in scientific notation is: A. B. C. D.

6.4 × 106 g 6.4 × 10¯6 g 6.4 × 107 g 6.4 × 10¯7 g

Negative powers of ten move the decimal to the left. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.03 Subtopic: Scientific Notation Topic: Study of Chemistry

1-5 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

14.

The quantity 8.7 × 105 g expressed in standard decimal notation is: A. B. C. D.

0.000087 g 870.000 g 0.0000087 g 870,000 g

Positive powers of ten move the decimal to the right. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.03 Subtopic: Measurements Subtopic: Scientific Notation Topic: Study of Chemistry

15.

Which pollutant is present in air as particulate matter? A. B. C. D.

soot ozone sulfur dioxide carbon monoxide

Particulate matter is solid not gaseous. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.02 Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Topic: Study of Chemistry

1-6 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

16.

What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants? A. B. C. D.

exposure and ppm percentage and ppm toxicity and percentage toxicity and exposure

Remember that some things are poisonous in a short time frame and others are toxic after long time frames. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.03 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

17.

When assessing the risk of an air pollutant, which does not play a role in considering someone's exposure to the pollutant? A. B. C. D.

a person's lung capacity a person's breathing rate the toxicity of the pollutant the concentration in air of the pollutant Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.03 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

1-7 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

18.

The burning of coal produces sulfur dioxide, SO2, a pollutant that slowly reacts in air to form SO3. Sulfur trioxide dissolves into airborne water droplets to form a very corrosive solution of sulfuric acid. Which is a product of burning coal that hastens the transformation of sulfur dioxide into sulfur trioxide? A. B. C. D.

carbon dioxide carbon monoxide nitrogen dioxide particles of ash

This transformation takes place on solid particles. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.11 Topic: Environmental Chemistry Topic: Study of Chemistry

19.

All of these pollutants can be detected by their odors except: A. B. C. D.

CO O3 SOx NOx

Remember that you might need a detector for this substance in your home for protection. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.03 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

20.

Which pollutant are you more likely to encounter in dangerous concentrations indoors rather than outdoors? A. B. C. D.

nitrogen dioxide carbon monoxide ozone sulfur dioxide

This comes from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels.

1-8 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.02 Subtopic: States of Matter Topic: Environmental Chemistry

21.

In general, which airborne material is not likely to be affected by the filters or indoor air handling equipment? A. B. C. D.

particulates pollen soot carbon monoxide

Filters cannot trap gases. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.02 Subtopic: States of Matter Topic: Environmental Chemistry

22.

Which color, as used in the Air Quality Index, warns that the level of a pollutant is hazardous, the most dangerous level? A. B. C. D.

orange green yellow maroon

This is similar to other color-coded warning systems. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.04 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

23.

The highest (or uppermost) layer of our atmosphere is the A. B. C. D.

troposphere. ozone layer. stratosphere. mesosphere.

We live in the troposphere.

1-9 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.05 Topic: Environmental Chemistry

24.

A substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical methods is called a(n)

A. B. C. D.

compound. mixture. element. isotope.

Mixtures are separable by physical means. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Classification of Matter Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Topic: Components of Matter Topic: Study of Chemistry

25.

On a Periodic Table, the columns of elements with similar properties are A. B. C. D.

periods. groups. rows. metals.

Periods and rows go across. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Periodic Table Topic: Components of Matter Topic: Study of Chemistry

26.

The chemist, at about the time of the American Civil War, given the greatest credit for developing the most common way of arranging the elements, thus leading to the Periodic Table of today, is A. B. C. D.

Einstein. Pasteur. Mendeleev. Galileo.

1-10 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Periodic Table Topic: Components of Matter

27.

The most numerous of the elements are the A. B. C. D.

metals. non metals. metalloids. noble gases.

These are green in the periodic table in your textbook. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Subtopic: Periodic Table Topic: Components of Matter

28.

Which process does not involve a chemical change? A. B. C. D.

burning charcoal on the grill digesting food boiling water cleaning the shower with Lime Away

Remember that chemical changes result in bonds in molecules being broken and new bonds being formed. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.09 Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Subtopic: Properties of Matter Topic: Study of Chemistry

29.

Which is not a mixture? A. B. C. D.

a jar filled with rocks and sand sea water a glass of Kool-Aid sodium chloride

Mixtures include more than one pure substance.

1-11 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Subtopic: Properties of Matter Topic: Components of Matter

30.

Which is not a pure substance? A. B. C. D.

helium copper wire air sucrose

Mixtures are not pure substances. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Properties of Matter Topic: Components of Matter

31.

Which squares contain mixtures?

A. II and III only B. III and IV only C. I, III, and IV only D. I and IV only Mixtures will have different substances in the same box. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.06 Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Molecules Subtopic: Properties of Matter Topic: Components of Matter

1-12 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

32.

Which square(s) contain(s) only an element?

A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. III and IV only Elements will only have one type of atom in the box. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.06 Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Topic: Components of Matter

33.

Which is not a single pure substance? A. B. C. D.

copper water brass chlorine

Elements and compounds are pure substances. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Classification of Matter Subtopic: Elements Topic: Components of Matter

1-13 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part.

Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

34.

Which symbols represent only elements that are metals?

A. B. C. D.

X and Z X and Q P and L X, R, P, and Q

Non-metals reside in the upper right corner of the periodic table. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Subtopic: Periodic Table Topic: Components of Matter

35.

Which symbol(s) represent(s) elements in the noble gas family?

A. B. C. D.

X and Z P and L Q Y

Noble gases are in the far right column of the periodic table. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Scientific Method Topic: Components of Matter

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Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

36.

Which differentiates a compound from a mixture of two or more elements? A. The elements in a compound may be present in varying proportions. B. A compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the elements of which it is composed. C. A compound is made up of only one element. D. A compound cannot be made up of more than two elements. Remember that compounds are elements bound together by chemical bonds. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Section: 01.06 Subtopic: Classification of Matter Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Topic: Components of Matter

37.

Although only about 100 elements exist, over __________________ compounds have been isolated, identified, and characterized. A. B. C. D.

one hundred thousand one million 20 million 10 billion

Each compound is a special arrangement of the elements. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.06 Topic: Study of Chemistry

38.

Which substance is an element? A. B. C. D.

NO2 NaCl N2 CH4

Only one has just one symbol in the formula. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.06 Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Elements Topic: Components of Matter

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Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

39.

A(n) __________ is a fixed number of atoms held together by chemical bonds in a certain spatial arrangement. A. B. C. D.

element ion molecule mixture

Remember which of these have more than one element that are also bonded together. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Fundamental Definitions Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Components of Matter

40.

Which diagram(s) best represent(s) only diatomic molecules?

A. I only B. II only C. I and II only D. II and IV only The prefix di- means two. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Components of Matter

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Chapter 1-The Air We Breathe

41.

Which diagram(s) best represent(s) only molecules?

A. B. C. D.

I only II only III only I and II only E. IV only Molecules have multiple atom bound together. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Classification of Matter Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Components of Matter

42.

Which diagram(s) best represent(s) only individual atoms?

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. IV only E. II and III only The atoms are not bound to other atoms. Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Section: 01.07 Subtopic: Elements Subtopic: Molecules Topic: Components of Matter

1-17 © 2012 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may...