Chapter 04 - Reading Organizer - Student Version - R&S 6 PDF

Preview

Summary

hngnvgn...

Description

Name _______________________________________________________ Date ________________

Chapter 4 Cisco 1 – Introduction to Networks Student Version Chapter 4 Sections: 4.1 Physical Layer Protocols 4.2 Network Media 4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols 4.4 Media Access Control Required Materials: Reading Organizer Packet Tracer Activities:

4.2.4.4 - Connecting a Wired and Wireless LAN

Labs: 4.0.1.2 Class Activity - Managing the Medium 4.1.2.4 - Identifying Network Devices and Cabling 4.2.2.7 - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable 4.2.4.5 - Viewing Wired and Wireless NIC Information 4.5.1.1 Class Activity - Linked In! Chapter Test

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 1 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 2 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

Page intentionally

left blank. Points__________ / __210___

Name__________________________________________________________ Date ________________

Chapter 4 Reading Organizer Student Version Note: the Reading Organizer has weighted scoring. Any question with the word explain or define in it is expected to have a longer answer and is worth two points each. After completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

           

Identify device connectivity options. Describe the purpose and functions of the physical layer in the network. Describe basic principles of the physical layer standards. Identify the basic characteristics of copper cabling. Build a UTP cable used in Ethernet networks (scope – does not include cabling area discussion). Describe fiber-optic cabling and its main advantages over other media. Connect devices using wired and wireless media. Describe the purpose and function of the data link layer in preparing communication for transmission on specific media. Compare the functions of logical topologies and physical topologies. Describe the basic characteristics of media access control methods on WAN topologies. Describe the basic characteristics of media access control methods on LAN topologies. Describe the characteristics and functions of the data link frame.

4.1 Physical Layer Protocols 1. To offer wireless capability, devices on a wireless network must be connected to a ______________access point_____________________________. 2. A wireless device will experience degradation in performance based on its ___distance__________________ from a wireless access point. 3. What is a reason for slower network performance on a wireless network? Sharing the network with other people CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 3 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

4. Explain in detail each step of the process that data undergoes from a source node to a destination node. a. The user data is segmented by the transport layer, placed into packets by the network layer, and further encapsulated into frames by the data link layer.

b. The physical layer encodes the frames and creates the electrical, optical, or radio wave signals that represent the bits in each frame.

c. These signals are then sent on the media, one at a time

d. The destination node physical layer retrieves these individual signals from the media, restores them to their bit representations, and passes the bits up to the data link layer as a complete frame.

5. There are three basic forms of network media. List and define each. a. ___copper cable_________________________________ – the signals are patterns of electrical impulses

b. _________fiber-optic cable___________________________ – the signals are patterns of light

c. _____________wireless_______________________ – the signals are patterns of microwave transmissions

6. The services and protocols in the TCP/IP suite are defined by the _________________internet engineering task force________________________________________________. CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 4 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

7. _____________hardware______, ___media__________________, ___________encoding_______, and _____signaling____________ are all specified in standards associated with the physical layer. 8. What is encoding or line encoding? Encoding or line encoding is a method of converting a stream of data bits into a predefined "code”.

9. What is bandwidth? Bandwidth is the capacity of a medium to carry data

10. Define digital bandwidth. Digital bandwidth measures the amount of data that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time

11. What factors determine the practical bandwidth of a network? a. The properties of the physical media

b. The technologies chosen for signaling and detecting network signals

12. What factors influence throughput? a. the amount of traffic

b. the type of traffic

c. the latency created by the number of network devices encountered between source and destination

13. Define latency. Amount of time it takes to get somewhere else

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 5 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

14. Explain what goodput is. Goodput is the measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time

15. Label each physical layer description.

4.2 Network Media 16. Networks use copper media because it is _____inexpensive_______________, ____easy to install________________ and has _______low restinence_____________ to electrical current. 17. List and explain the two different sources of interference. a. _________________Electromagnetic interference (EMI) or radio frequency interference (RFI)______________________________________________ – EMI and RFI disrupt data flow by using fluorescocent lights or electric motors

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 6 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

b. _______________crosstalk______________ – crosstalk is the disturbance caused by the electric or magnetic fields

18. What can be done to counter the negative effects of EMI and RFI? Copper cables can be wrapped in metallic shielding or is connected to the ground connections

19. What can be done to counter the negative effects of crosstalk? To counter the negative effects of crosstalk, some types of copper cables have Opposing circuit wires which gets rid of crosstalk

20. List three other options which will address the susceptibility of copper cables to electronic noise. a. Selecting the cable type or category most suited to a given networking environment

b. Designing a cable infrastructure to avoid known and potential sources of interference in the building structure.

c. Using cabling techniques that include the proper handling and termination of the cables.

21. List the three main types of copper media used in networking. a. unshielded twisted pair b. shielded twisted pair CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 7 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

c. coaxial

22. Explain the three protections offered in unshielded twisted pair copper cable. a. ______outer jacket___________________________ – protects the copper wire from physical damage

b. _____twisted pair____________________________ – protects the signal from interference

c. ______color- coded plastic insulation___________________________ – electrically isolates wires from each other and identifies each pair

23. Fill in the labels for the picture below.

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 8 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

24. STP cables combine the techniques of shielding to counter ____EMI________________, and wire twisting to counter ______RFI______________. 25. List and explain what coaxial cable consists of. a. A copper conductor used to transmit the electronic signals

b. A layer of flexible plastic insulation surrounding a copper conductor.

c. The insulating material is surrounded in a woven copper braid, or metallic foil, that acts as the second wire in the circuit and as a shield for the inner conductor. This second layer, or shield, also reduces the amount of outside electromagnetic interference.

d. The entire cable is covered with a cable jacket to prevent minor physical damage. CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 9 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

26. Fire hazards exist because cable insulation and sheaths may be ______flammable________________, or produce ____toxic fumes____________________ when heated or burned. 27. Identify the correct copper media characteristics.

28. List and explain how cable designers can limit the negative effect of crosstalk in UTP Cable. a. ______cancellation___________________________ – when two wires are close to each other they don’t work because the two wires magnetic fields interfere with each other

b. ___varying the number of twists per wire pair______________________________ – To further enhance the cancellation effect of paired circuit wires, designers vary the number of twists of each wire pair in a cable

29. TIA/EIA-568 stipulates the commercial cabling standards for LAN installations. The cabling elements defined include: a. Cable types CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 10 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

b. cable lengths c. connectors d. cable termination e. methods of testing cable 30. UTP cable is usually terminated with an _____rj-45_________ connector. 31. List and define the three main UTP cable types. a. _____ethernet straight through____________________________ – it’s a common type of networking cable commonly used to connect a host to a switch and a switch to a router

b. _______ethernet crossover__________________________ – a cable used to interconnect similar devices like a router to a router or a host to a host

c. _________rollover________________________ – A Cisco proprietary cable used to connect a workstation to a router or switch console port.

32. List what a UTP cable tester should be able to test for. a. wire map b. cable length c. signal loss due to attenuation d. crosstalk

33. Fiber-optic cable can transmit signals with less attenuation and is completely immune to ___emi_________ and ____rfi_________. 34. List and describe how Fiber-optic cabling is now being used in four types of industry. CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 11 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

a. ________enterprise networks_________________________ – used for backbone cabiling applications and interconnecting infrastructure devices

b. ____________fiber-to-the-home (FTTH)_____________________ – Used to provide alwayson broadband services to homes and small businesses

c. ________long-haul networks_________________________ – used by service providers to connect countries and cities

d. _____________submarine cable networks____________________ – Used to provide reliable high-speed, high-capacity solutions capable of surviving in harsh undersea environments up to transoceanic distances

35. Label the parts of the fiber optic cable.

36. Fiber-optic cables are broadly classified into two types. List and describe both. a. __single-mode fiber_____________________________ – Consists of a very small core and uses expensive laser technology to send a single ray of light,

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 12 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

b. ________multimode fiber_______________________ – Consists of a larger core and uses LED emitters to send light pulses. Specifically, light from an LED enters the multimode fiber at different angles

37. One of the highlighted differences between multimode and single-mode fiber is the amount of dispersion. What is dispersion? Dispersion refers to the spreading out of a light pulse over time

38. Because light can only travel in one direction over optical fiber, _connectors___________________ are required to support the full duplex operation. 39. Some fiber connectors accept both the transmitting and receiving fibers in a single connector known as a ___________duplex_________________connector. 40. The use of color distinguishes between single-mode and multimode patch cords. A _____yellow_________________ jacket is for single-mode fiber cables and _________orange_________ for multimode fiber cables. 41. List and explain the three common types of fiber-optic termination and splicing errors. a. ________misalignment_______________________ – the fiber-optic media are not precisely aligned to one another when joined

b. _______end gap________________________ – the media does not completely touch at the splice or connection

c. _____end finish__________________________ – the media ends are not well polished, or dirt is present at the termination

42. Choose the correct answers for the chart below.

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 13 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

43. List and explain the common areas of concern with wireless. a. ____________coverage area___________________ – Wireless data communication technologies work well in open environments

b. _________interference______________________ – Wireless is susceptible to interference and can be disrupted by such common devices as household cordless phones, some types of fluorescent lights, microwave ovens, and other wireless communications.

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 14 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

c. ________security_______________________ – It’s so people don’t access there network

d. ___shared medium____________________________ – WLANs operate in half-duplex, which means only one device can send or receive at a time

44. What two network devices are required for a wireless network to function? a. wireless access point

b. wireless NIC adapters

4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols 45. List what the data link layer of the OSI model is responsible for. a. allowing the upper layers to access the media b. accepting layer 3 packets and packaging them into frames c. preparing network data for the physical network d. controlling how data is placed and received on the media e. exchanging frames between nodes over a physical network media, such as UTP or fiber-optic CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 15 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

f. receiving and directing packets to an upper layer protocol g. performing error detection

46. The data link layer is divided into two sublayers. List and describe both. a. ______logical link control_________________________ – This upper sublayer communicates with the network layer. It places information in the frame that identifies which network layer protocol is being used for the frame.

b. ______media access control_________________________ – this lower sublayer defines the media access processes performed by the hardware

47. The technique used for getting the frame on and off the media is called the ______media access control method___________________________________________.

4.4 Media Access Control 48. Regulating the placement of data frames onto the media is controlled by the ____________media access control sublayer_____________________________________.

49. List and explain what the actual media access control method used depends on. a. ___________topology____________________ – how the connection between the nodes appears the data link layer

b. ____________media sharing___________________ – how the nodes share the media

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 16 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

50. The topology of a network is the arrangement or relationship of the network devices and the interconnections between them. LAN and WAN topologies can be viewed in two ways. List and explain both. a. ______physical topology_________________________ – Refers to the physical connections and identifies how end devices and infrastructure devices such as routers, switches, and wireless access points are interconnected.

b. ______logical topology_________________________ – Refers to the way a network transfers frames from one node to the next.

51. List and describe the physical topologies WANs are commonly interconnected with. a. _____point to point__________________________ – This is the simplest topology that consists of a permanent link between two endpoints

b. _____hub and spoke__________________________ – A WAN version of the star topology in which a central site interconnects branch sites using point-to-point links.

c. _________mesh______________________ – This topology provides high availability, but requires that every end system be interconnected to every other system.

52. List and describe the physical topologies that can be used to interconnect local LANs and end devices. CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 17 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

a. ___________star____________________ – End devices are connected to a central intermediate device. Early star topologies interconnected end devices using Ethernet hubs

b. ______________extended star_________________ – In an extended star topology, additional Ethernet switches interconnect other star topologies.

c. ____________bus___________________ – All end systems are chained to each other and terminated in some form on each end. Infrastructure devices such as switches are not required to interconnect the end devices.

D. _________ring______________________ – End systems are connected to their respective neighbor forming a ring. Unlike the bus topology, the ring does not need to be terminated

53. Explain the following terms in detail. a. Half-duplex communication – Both devices can transmit and receive on the media but cannot do so simultaneously

b. Full-duplex communication – Both devices can transmit and receive on the media at the same time

CCNA R&S 6.0 - Semester 1 – Introduction to Networks 18 Robb Jones & Kimberly Mentzeli Chapter 4 Frederick County Career & Tech Center, MD, USA

54. Some network topologies share a common medium with multiple nodes. These are called __________multi-access networks____________________________. 55. Some multi-access networks require rules to govern how devices share the physical media. List and explain the two basic access control methods for shared media. a. ________contention-based access_______________________ – All nodes operating in halfduplex compete for the use of the medium, but only one device can send at a time

b. ________controlled access_______________________ – Each node has its own time to...