Chapter 08 DNA Structure and Function PDF

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function Multiple Choice 1. How successful is the technique of cloning adult mammals by implanting DNA into donor eggs? a. Few embryos survive until birth, and of those that do, many have serious health problems. b. About half of the embryos survive until birth, but many of these die before adulthood. c. Of the embryos that survive until birth, health outcomes are predictable. d. Most embryos survive, but are not able to reproduce as adults. e. Most embryos survive and lead healthy adult lives. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.1 A Hero Dog’s Golden Clones LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.8.10 - Examine the potential advantages and IVES: disadvantages of cloning organisms. 2. One current goal of cloning is to ____. a. duplicate certain humans b. create new species c. promote evolution d. experiment with alien DNA e. increase the numbers of endangered animals ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.7 Cloning Adult Animals LEARNING OBJECT UDOL.STES.16.8.10 - Examine the potential advantages and IVES: disadvantages of cloning organisms. 3. Which structures have the same length, shape, and centromere location? a. karyotypes b. histones c. bacteriophages d. nucleosomes e. autosome pairs ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8. 5 - Determine the structure of DNA. 4. How many pairs of autosomes are in a typical human karyotype? a. 8 b. 22 c. 23 d. 46 Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function e. 92 ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.8.6 - Examine the role played by DNA sequence in the VES: diversity of organisms. 5. Friedrich Miescher is credited with _____. a. proposing DNA as the hereditary material b. finding that proteins are the physical basis of inheritance c. defining the laws of inheritance d. being the first person to describe and extract DNA e. determining that proteins are composed of unlimited combinations of twenty amino acids ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 6. Fred Griffith's experiment, in which he used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrated that _____. a. pathogenic bacteria function differently in mice than in other organisms b. harmless bacteria can become transformed into disease-causing bacteria by a bacteria transformation factor c. pure DNA extracted from disease-causing bacteria transformed harmless strains into killer strains d. dead cells lose their genetic information e. DNA is a protein rich in nitrogen and phosphorus ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function Figure 8.3 Answer the following questions about Griffith’s experiments involving Streptococcus pneumoniae. 7. If an injection to the mouse contains live S strain Streptococcus pneumonia, ____. a. the mouse will die b. live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood c. the mouse will live d. no live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood e. the live S strain bacteria will lose their pathogenicity ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3 LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 8. If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain Streptococcus pneumonia, _____. a. the mouse will die b. live S strain will be detected in the mouse's blood c. the mouse will live d. no live R strain will be detected in the mouse's blood e. the live R strain bacteria will develop pathogenicity ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3 LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 9. If an injection to the mouse contains live R strain and heat-killed S strain Streptococcus pneumonia, ____. a. the mouse will live b. the mouse will became fatally ill and live S strain bacteria will be detected in its blood c. the mouse's blood will contain live pathogenic R strain bacteria d. the dead S strain bacteria will transform to live R strain bacteria e. DNA from the live R strain bacteria will revive the dead S strain bacteria ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.3 LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function 10. Extracts of pathogenic bacteria can transform harmless bacteria to harmful bacteria unless ____ enzymes are added to the extract. a. protein transfer b. mRNA-degrading c. tRNA-degrading d. DNA-degrading e. nucleic transfer ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 11. Which scientist(s) identified the transforming substance involved in changing harmless (R) bacteria to lethal (S) bacteria? a. Avery and McCarty b. Griffith c. Chargaff d. Hershey and Chase e. Pauling ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function

Figure 8.4 12. The accompanying figure represents the research of which scientist(s)? a. Delbrück b. Avery and McCarty c. Chagraff d. Luria e. Hershey and Chase ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.4 LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 13. What is the concept illustrated by the experiment in the accompanying figure? a. Protein is not the encoding material. b. Protein cannot enter the host cell. c. Protein renatures due to radiation. d. Protein is composed of subunits with phosphate. e. Protein is composed of subunits with sulfur. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.4 LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 32

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14. The Hershey and Chase experiments, in which radioactive phosphorus ( P) and radioactive sulfur ( S) were used, demonstrated that ____. a. DNA labeled with 35S and proteins labeled with 32P can be traced over the course of an experiment b. DNA labeled with 32P is transferred from the bacteriophage to the virus c. proteins labeled with 35S become deactivated and unable to be transferred d. bacteriophages transfer their DNA, not their coat proteins, into their hosts e. DNA may be the hereditary material, although bacteriophages transfer both DNA and proteins into their hosts ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply | Evaluate REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 15. If a mixture of bacteriophages, some labeled with radioactive sulfur and others labeled with radioactive phosphorus, is placed in a bacterial culture, the bacteria will eventually contain ____. a. primarily radioactive sulfur b. primarily radioactive phosphorus c. both radioactive sulfur and phosphorus d. neither radioactive sulfur nor radioactive phosphorus e. complete viruses with radioactive sulfur coats ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. 16. The experiments that clearly distinguished DNA and not protein as the hereditary material were conducted by _____. a. Pauling b. Hershey and Chase c. Griffith d. Watson and Crick e. Avery ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.2 The Discovery of DNA's Function LEARNING OBJEC UDOL.STES.16.8.4 - Examine the experiments that proved that DNA TIVES: carries hereditary information. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function 17. James Watson and Francis Crick ____. a. were both English researchers working at Cambridge University b. performed elegant experiments in DNA chemistry c. constructed an accurate model of DNA’s double helix structure d. performed experiments that convinced scientists that DNA is a double-stranded molecule e. used x-ray diffraction in all of their experiments ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 18. DNA contains all of the following nitrogen-containing bases EXCEPT ____. a. adenine b. uracil c. guanine d. adenine e. thymin e ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Analyze REFERENCES: The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 19. Hydrogen bonding is strongest between ____. a. adenine and guanine b. uracil and thymine c. guanine and uracil d. adenine and thymine e. cytosine and guanine ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 20. ____ discovered the basis for the ____ rule, which states that the amounts of adenine and thymine are identical, as are the amounts of cytosine and guanine. a. Avery; base-pair b. Griffith, double helix c. Chargaff; base-pair d. Chase; double helix e. Pauling; base-pair ANSWER: c Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 21. Which technique did Rosalind Franklin use to determine many aspects of DNA’s structure? a. transformation b. transmission electron microscopy c. density-gradient centrifugation d. x-ray crystallography e. chromatography ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 22. Rosalind Franklin created the first ____. a. clear x-ray diffraction image of DNA is it occurs in cells b. model of DNA’s nucleotide bases c. experiment to test whether base-pairs differ among species d. hypothesis surrounding the nature of a hereditary molecule e. results proving that bases exist on the outside of a helix ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 23. Which discovery was determined about DNA from x-ray diffraction data? a. DNA is uniform in length. b. DNA is short and narrow. c. DNA has a repeating pattern. d. DNA molecules are flat. e. DNA molecules are round. ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 24. Each DNA double helix has a backbone that consists of alternating ____. a. covalent and ionic bonds b. nitrogen-containing bases c. hydrogen bonds d. sugar and phosphate molecules Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function e. covalent and hydrogen bonds ANSWER: d DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 25. Which statement is true of DNA’s structure? a. The hydrogen bonding of cytosine to guanine is an example of complementary base pairing. b. In DNA, adenine always base pairs with guanine and cytosine always base pairs with thymine. c. Each of the four nucleotides in a DNA molecule has the same nitrogen-containing base. d. When adenine base pairs with thymine, they are linked by three hydrogen bonds. e. All four bases in DNA can be found in equal quantities. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 26. In a 3-D double helix model of DNA, the center consists of ____. a. deoxyribose sugars b. hydrogen bonds c. nucleotide base pairs d. phosphate groups e. sugar–phosphate backbones ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 27. DNA replication is ____. a. redundant b. semiconservativ e c. progressive d. conservative e. repetitive ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a S: diagram. Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function 28. DNA polymerase assembles new strands in a ____. a. 5' to 3' direction only b. 5' to 3' direction building one strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the other stand c. 5' to 3' direction building the first half of a strand and a 3' to 5' direction building the second half of a strand d. 3' to 5' direction building the first half of a strand and a 5' to 3' direction building the second half of a strand e. 3' to 5' direction on the "old" 3' to 5' strand ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a S: diagram. 29. The function of helicase enzymes is to ____. a. break hydrogen bonds and unwind the two strands of the DNA molecule prior to replication b. rewind the two DNA molecules after replication c. remove bases that might have been inserted incorrectly d. seal new short stretches of nucleotides into one continuous strand e. fragment old DNA that is no longer of use to the cell ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a S: diagram.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function

Figure 8.11. 30. The accompanying figure best illustrates ____. a. DNA repair b. semiconservative replication c. the action of the ligases d. the binding of initiator proteins e. DNA hybridization ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication PREFACE NAME: Figure 8.11 LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a S: diagram. 31. Which base-pairing system is correct? a. A to G; T to C b. A to T; G to C c. A to C; G to T d. A to T or C; G to C or A e. A to T or G; G to C or A Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

b Bloom's: Apply 8.3 The Discovery of DNA’s Structure UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA

32. What characteristic of a species refers to having two of each type of chromosome? a. autosomal b. karyotype c. diploid d. basepaired e. helical ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply REFERENCES: 8.4 Eukaryotic Chromosomes LEARNING OBJECTI UDOL.STES.16.8.6 - Examine the role played by DNA sequence in the VES: diversity of organisms. 33. DNA polymerases ____. a. unwind DNA b. add new nucleotides to a strand c. catalyze carbon bonding d. assemble new strands in both direction e. repairs DNA ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a S: diagram. 34. Franklin's assignment at Cambridge was to investigate the structure of ____. a. proteins b. ultraviolet radiation c. DNA d. embryonic fluid e. lipids ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.5 DNA Replication LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.7 - Examine the process of DNA replication using a S: diagram. 35. Rosalind Franklin is credited with ____. a. discovering DNA’s double helical structure Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function b. discovering DNA c. first isolating DNA d. building the first DNA model e. cloning DNA ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember REFERENCES: 8.3 The Discovery of DNA's Structure LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.8.5 - Determine the structure of DNA 36. Which statement is true of embryonic splitting? a. It never occurs in nature. b. It involves the genetic contribution of only one parent. c. It produces immediate differentiation. d. It is applied in animal husbandry to produce genetically diverse offspring. e. It produces identical twins. ANSWER: e DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Analyze REFERENCES: 8.7 Cloning Adult Animals LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.9 - Outline the different methods of reproductive S: cloning. 37. Which statement is false with regard to mutations? a. They are always dangerous. b. They can occur as DNA replication errors. c. They cannot be repaired after replication. d. They may become cancerous. e. They can be passed on to the next generation. ANSWER: a DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.6 Mutations: Cause and Effect LEARNING OBJECTIV UDOL.STES.16.8.8 - Examine the causes and consequences of ES: mutations in DNA.

38. The accompanying figure represents ____. a. cloning with a stem cell b. somatic cell nuclear transfer c. genetic manipulation of a single gene d. microsurgical manipulation of a chromosome Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter 08 - DNA Structure and Function e. embryonic cloning ANSWER: DIFFICULTY: REFERENCES: PREFACE NAME: LEARNING OBJECTIVE S:

b Bloom's: Understand 8.7 Cloning Adult Animals Cell UDOL.STES.16.8.9 - Outline the different methods of reproductive cloning.

39. Which statement is false with regard to adult cell cloning? a. It involves differentiated cells. b. It occurs with some frequency in nature. c. It involves rewinding the developmental clock. d. It involves an egg cell that has had its nucleus removed. e. It may involve nuclear transfer. ANSWER: b DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.7 Cloning Adult Animals LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.9 - Outline the different methods of reproductive S: cloning. 40. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is used to create human embryos for research purposes in ____. a. embryo cloning b. embryo splitting c. therapeutic cloning d. artificial twinning e. stem cell cloning ANSWER: c DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand REFERENCES: 8.7 Cloning Adult Animals LEARNING OBJECTIVE UDOL.STES.16.8.9 - Outline the different methods of reproductive S: cloning. Matching Choose the one most appropriate answer for each. a. discovered that the hereditary system of one strain of bacteria could be transformed by the hereditary system from another strain of bacteria b.first to describe DNA and extract it from cell nuclei c. discovered that DNA-digesting enzymes prevented bacterial transformation d.the first to build an accurate model of DNA and to describe it explicitly in a publication e. the first to demonstrate, through the use of radioactive isotopes, that DNA,...