Chapter 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

Chapter 1 notes ...

Description

ENEL 387 Microprocessor System Design Engineering and Applied Science University of Regina Dr. Lei Zhang

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

1

Chapter 1 Introduction

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

2

Outline 

Embedded System Design   



Introduction Architecture Design Methodologies

ARM Cortex-M3 Processor  

Instruction Set Architecture Cortex-M3 Applications

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

3

Embedded System 

Definition: any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general purpose computer.



Characteristics:   

Dedicated to specific functions Optimized to implement a certain application Interfacing with the outside world

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

4

Embedded System Examples  

  



Mobile phones, Smart phones Automobile: engine, brakes Digital cameras Printer Household appliances: microwave oven, TV, washing machine, fridge and freezer, CD/DVD/MP3 player Personal digital assistant(PDA)

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

5

Embedded Controller Varieties  







Microprocessor: the CPU Microcontroller: including microprocessor, I/O devices, on board memory. Digital signal processor (DSP): optimized for digital signal processing. Application-Specific Processor(ASP): instruction set & architecture tailored to application(graphic, network, etc) Soft core or hard core: integrated on SoC or FPGA Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

6

Characteristics of Embedded System 



   



Implement complex algorithms to achieve high performance and specific functionality. High data rate Various user interfaces Real-time Low power Low cost Compromise among these characteristics

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

7

Embedded System Design Considerations 

    

Hardware requirements  CPU  Memory  Peripheral functions Operating speed/maximum frequency Compromise between hardware and software Time to market Power consumption Cost

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

8

Technology Trends 





Moore’s Law IC transistor count doubles every two years Bell’s Law of Computer Classes: A new computing class roughly every decade Hendy’s “Law”: Pixels per dollar doubles annually

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

9

ARM Processors 

ARM founded in November 1990 







Advanced RISC Machines

Company headquarters in Cambridge, UK Best known for its range of RISC processor cores designs, to help partners develop and ship ARM-based SoCs ARM does not manufacture silicon

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

10

ARM Cortex-M3 Processor VS Cortex-M3-Based MCU

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

11

Manufacturers for ARM Products

ARM authorized companies: Alcatel-Lucent, Apple Inc., Atmel, Broadcom, Freescale, Intel ,Samsung, TI, etc.

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

12

What differentiates these products from one another? Peripherals:  



    

 

Serial Communication Interfaces (SCI): RS-232, RS-485 etc. Synchronous Serial Communication Interface: I2C, SPI, SSC and ESSI (Enhanced Synchronous Serial Interface) Universal Serial Bus (USB) Multi Media Cards (SD Cards, Compact Flash etc.) Networks: Ethernet, LonWorks, etc. Fieldbuses: CAN-Bus, LIN-Bus, PROFIBUS, etc. Timers: PLL(s), Capture/Compare and Time Processing Units Discrete IO: General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) Analog to Digital/Digital to Analog (ADC/DAC) Debugging: JTAG, ISP, ICSP, BDM Port, BITP, and DP9 ports.

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

13

What is Architecture? 





Computer Organization (or Microarchitecture)  Control and data paths  Pipeline design  Cache design  … System Design (or Platform Architecture)  Memory and I/O buses  Memory controllers  Direct memory access  … Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

14

Instruction Set Architecture 

Definitions:



An instruction set, or instruction set architecture (ISA), is the part of the computer architecture related to programming, including the native data types, instructions, registers, addressing modes, memory architecture, interrupt and exception handling, and external I/O. An ISA includes a specification of the set of opcodes (machine language), and the native commands implemented by a particular processor. 

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

--Wikipedia 15

Instruction Set Development 

ARM processor supports two instruction sets:  



32-bit ARM Instructions 16-bit Thumb Instructions

Thumb Instructions   

Subset of ARM instructions Provide higher code density For product with tight memory requirement

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

16

Thumb-2 Instructions 

Superset of Thumb Instructions



Support both 16-bit and 32-bit instructions Cortex-M3 supports only the Thumb-2 Instruction set



Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

17

Why Cortex-M3 Processor  

   



High performance Low power consumption High code density Ease of use Low cost Small footprint Wide choice of development tools

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

18

Cortex-M3 Processor Applications  

  

Low-cost microcontrollers Automotive Data communications Industrial control Consumer products

Winter 2015

School of Engineering and Applied Science

19...