Chapter 1 Introducing Biology Worksheet PDF

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1 1.1

) Date:

Introducing biology

What is biology?

(Book 1A, p. 1-3)



Biology (生物學) is the scientific study of (1) _______________ (生物).



Some branches of biology: Branch of biology

The scientific study of…

I

Anatomy (解剖學)

a

interactions between organisms and their environment

II

Cytology (細胞學)

b

the classification of organisms

III

Ecology (生態學)

c

the structure of organisms

IV

Genetics (遺傳學)

d

the basic unit of organisms — cells

V

Physiology (生理學)

e

how organisms’ bodies function

VI

Taxonomy (分類學)

f

the ways in which characteristics of organisms are passed on from one generation to the next

I: (2) _______________

II: (3) _______________

III: (4) _______________

IV: (5) _______________

V: (6) _______________

VI: (7) _______________

1.2

The characteristics of organisms Characteristic

(Book 1A, p. 1-4)

Description

(1) _______________ Organisms can produce new individuals (生殖)

(offspring 後代).

(2) _______________ Organisms obtain food for energy, growth and (營養)

maintaining health.

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Characteristic

Description

(3) _______________ Organisms can break down food to release its (呼吸作用)

stored energy for body activities.

(4) _______________ Organisms increase in size and in complexity. (生長)

(5) _______________ Organisms remove waste products produced (排泄)

from chemical reactions in their bodies.

(6) _______________

Organisms can detect changes in their

(感應性),

also called

environment and make responses.

sensitivity (敏感性)

Movement (運動)

Most animals can move freely. Plants show a limited degree of movement.



Not all the above characteristics are shown by all organisms.

1.3

Importance of studying biology

1

Develop a sense of wonder about the living world

2

Develop scientific thinking skills (refer to Section 1.4)

3

Understand how biological knowledge is applied to daily life

4

Better understand biology-related social issues

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(Book 1A, p. 1-6)

Can you give some examples?

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1.4

The scientific method (Book 1A, p. 1-7)



Scientists study the natural world using the (1) ______________ ______________ (科學方法).



There is no single scientific method, but it usually involves a few basic steps: 1

Making (2) _______________

Redi, 1668

Flies move around fresh meat and maggots appear after a few days.

2

Asking a question Why are maggots found on rotting meat?

3

Proposing a (3) _______________(假說)



observations they make.

My hypothesis is ‘the flies produce the maggots’.

4



Scientists ask questions about the

Making a (4) _______________ Maggots will not appear if I keep the meat away from the flies.

A hypothesis is a reasonable answer to the question. It tries to explain what is observed.



It is not needed in investigations which do not require explanations of observations.



Scientists predict what the expected observation will be if the hypothesis is correct.

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5

Doing (5) _______________ jar not covered: flies can reach the meat

jar covered flies cannot reach the meat

no maggots

maggots appeared Experimental set-up





Control set-up

Variables in a fair test: (6) _______________

(7) _______________

(8) _______________

variable (自變量)

variable (因變量)

variable (控制變量)

(to be changed)

(to be measured)

(to be kept the same)

Whether flies were allowed to reach the meat

Whether maggots appeared

Size of the meat, size of the jar, temperature, etc.

The (9) _______________ (對照) set-up is identical to the experimental set-up, except that the factor under investigation is absent.

6

Drawing a (10) _______________

 If the results of the experiment match the prediction, The result supports my hypothesis! I conclude that the maggots are produced by the flies.

the hypothesis is (11) ______________.

 If the results do not match the prediction, the hypothesis is not supported.

Hypothesis supported

Making observations

Asking a question

Proposing a hypothesis

Making a prediction

Doing experiments

New or revised hypothesis

Drawing a conclusion

Hypothesis not supported

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1.5

Performing a scientific investigation

(Book 1A, p. 1-10)

Task Design an investigation to find out if the presence of rice speeds up the ripening of papayas.

Aim To study the importance of rice in (1) ______________ _______________ (speeding up / slowing down) the ripening of papayas.

Problem to investigate Why do papayas ripen more quickly if they are kept in a container with rice?

Hypothesis The presence of (2)_______________ speeds up the ripening of papayas.

Principle behind the design of this investigation 1

How can the hypothesis be tested? Prepare two identical boxes. Put (3) _______________ into one of the boxes. Then place a (4) _______________ papaya into each box. Compare the degree of (5) _______________ of the two papayas over a period of time.

2

According to the hypothesis, predict the results of the investigation: The papaya kept in the box with rice ripens more quickly.

3

Identify the variables below: (6) _______________

(7) _______________

(8) _______________

variable

variable

variable

Whether there is rice in the container

Degree of ripening of the papaya

Initial degree of ripening of the papaya, size of the papaya, etc

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4

Is it necessary to set up a control? Why? (9) _______________ (Yes / No). To confirm that the presence of (10) _______________ is the only factor that affects the speed of ripening of papayas.

5

What assumption is made in this investigation? The two papayas are (11) _______________.

Procedure 1

Prepare two identical transparent plastic boxes. Fill one of the boxes with (12) _______________ until it is half full.

2

Put a (13) _______________ papaya into each box. Then cover the two boxes.

3

Leave the two boxes at (14) _______________ temperature for seven days. Take photographs of the two papayas every day and compare their (15) _______________.

plastic boxes papayas rice

Experimental set-up

Control set-up

Results Degree of ripening (arbitrary unit)# Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Day 4

Day 5

Day 6

Day 7

Box with rice

0

1

2

2

3

4

5

Box without rice

0

1

2

2

3

4

5

#

The greater the number, the higher the degree of ripening

Conclusion The presence of rice (16) ______________________________ (speeds up / does not speed up / slows down) the ripening of papayas.  Go to Practical 1.1

Design an investigation of the effect of fresh pineapple on the setting of jelly (Book 1A, p. 1-12; Practical Workbook for SBA 1A, p. 1-1)

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Answers Ch 1

Introducing biology

1.1 1

organisms

2

c

3

d

4

a

6

e

7

b

1

Reproduction

2

6

Irritability

5

Nutrition

3

Respiration

4

Growth

5

Excretion

f

1.2

1.4 1

scientific method

2

observations

3

hypothesis

4

prediction

5

experiments

6

Independent

7

Dependent

8

Controlled

9

control

10

conclusion

11

supported

1.5 1

speeding up

2

rice

3

rice

4

raw

5

ripening

6

Independent

7

Dependent

8

Controlled

9

Yes

10

rice

11

identical

12

rice

13

raw papaya

14

room

15

colour

16

does not speed up

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