Chapter 1 Seeing and Acting Through the Lens of Sociology 2 PDF

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 1.Accordingtosociologists,whydosomeindividualsseemtohavemoreresourcesandfacefewerchallengeswhen consideringpostsecondaryeducation? a.Someindividualsareunabletocapitalizeontheresourcestheyhaveathand. b.Someindividualsmakepoorchoicesandhavenoself-controlintheiryouth. c.Someindividualsexperienceseveralcoincidinglargersocialfactorsthatmaylimittheirchoices. d.Someindividualsdon’thavetheinnerresourcestoovercomelife’schallenges. ANSWER:c 2.Whichtermreferstobehaviours,appearances,andthoughtsthatarereadilyacceptedbyasociety? a.popular b.normative c.acceptable d.proper ANSWER:b 3.InCanadatoday,howispost-secondaryeducationmostcommonlyviewed? a.normative b.renormative c.dysfunctional d.functionallyrequired ANSWER:a 4.OnceRuthgotmarried,shequitherjob,hadtwochildren,andstayedathometoraisethem.AlthoughRuthhad wantedtobeadoctor,raisingherchildrenwaswhatherfamilyandfriendsexpectedhertodo.Whatkindof influenceonheractionswasRuth’sdecisiontofollow“theexpectedpath”? a.micro-level b.macro-level c.global d.normative ANSWER:b 5.Jimwantedtobeanursebecausehehadseenhowhismotherhelpedpeoplethroughtheirillnesses.However,the dominantsocialnormof“femalenurse;maledoctor”wasstillstronginhiscommunity.Whatkindofinfluencewas thebasisofJim’sdecisiontoenternursingschool? a.micro-level b.macro-level c.global d.normative ANSWER:a

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 6.Whichtermreferstothelevelofbroadsocialforces? a.microlevel b.macrolevel c.sociologicallevel d.publiclevel ANSWER:b 7.Whenweseethestrangeinthefamiliar,whatareweassuming? a.Weassumethatsociallifeisbestexplainedbyfactorswedon'tquiteunderstand. b.Weassumethatbehaviourisbestexplainedbypersonalchoice. c.Weassumethatpersonaldecisionsareshapedbysocietyandnotjustindividualchoice. d.Weassumethateventhoseclosesttoushaveelementsoftheirlivestheywishtoconceal. ANSWER:c 8.Whatdoesthephrase“seeingthestrangeinthefamiliar”imply? a.recognizingthatourbehaviourmaylookpeculiartopeoplefromothersocieties b.recognizingthatsocietyshapesmanyofthechoiceswethinkofaspurelypersonal c.recognizingthatourbehaviourwouldlookpeculiartopeoplefromdifferenthistoricalperiods d.recognizingthatallofushavesecretswhichweareunlikelytoshare ANSWER:b 9.Howmightasociologistbestunderstandasituationinwhichsomeoneadoptsafashiontrendthatisbeingwidely sharedbyothersinsociety? a.anexampleoffaddishfashion b.thefamiliarinthestrange c.thestrangeinthefamiliar d.decorativediffusion ANSWER:c 10.Charlesissupposedtodrivehisfriendstoschoolforanimportantexamination.However,nomatterhowmuchhe tries,Charlescannotstarthiscar.Inangerhetellshisfriendsthathiscarisdoingthisonpurpose.Whatqualityis Charlesattributingtohiscar? a.directionality b.agency c.microtendencies d.non-operationality ANSWER:b

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 11.Whatdoesitmeanwhensociologistsrefertoagency? a.theabilitytomakechoices b.theabilitytoconnecttoabroadwebofsocialservices c.theabilitytoinfluenceothers d.theabilitytointeracteffectivelywithabureaucracysuchastheuniversity ANSWER:a 12.Factorssuchassocialstratification,inequality,race,ethnicity,andgenderaffectopportunitiesavailabletoaperson. WhatlabeldidMaxWebergivetothesefactors? a.lifechances b.lifeopportunities c.individualopportunities d.individualchances ANSWER:a 13.InCanada,whichtermbestdescribestheactofprotectingchildrenfromphysicaldanger? a.normative b.norm-centered c.proscribedbylaw d.amatterofindividualdiscretion ANSWER:a 14.AccordingtoMaxWeber,thewaysinwhichouropportunitiesinlifeareaffectedbyfactorssuchasrace,ethnicity, andgenderissummarizedbywhichofthefollowing? a.stratifiedoutcomes b.lifechances c.proletariandeprivation d.lifestylecompetition ANSWER:b 15.Whichtermbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenthemacroandmicrolevel? a.unidirectional b.bidirectional c.multidirectional d.nondirectional ANSWER:b

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 16.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheterm“lifechances”? a.theprobabilityofsurvivinganaturaldisaster b.theopportunitiesinliferesultingfrompatternsofstratificationandinequality c.thewaysinwhichwhatoneachievesinlifeisaproductofpersonalwillandambition d.theideathatluckhasimportantsociologicaldimensions ANSWER:b 17.InCanada,howisthedecisiontoattenduniversityperceived? a.Itisnotconsiderednormative. b.Itisnolongeraffectedbylifechances. c.Itis,inonesense,anindirectproductofthedecisionsmadebysomanymarriedmotherstoenterthework forceinthe1960sand1970s. d.Itisrarelybasedonfinancialconsiderations. ANSWER:c 18.Accordingtothetextbookauthors,whatistheessenceofthesociologicalperspective? a.theuseofstatisticstochartsocialchange b.thepromotionofthefunctional c.thedesiretopromotechangeatthemicrolevel d.theuseofthesociologicalimagination ANSWER:d 19.Whichstatementbestdescribestherelationshipbetweenmicroandmacro? a.Macroquestionsaretheappropriatesubjectmatterofsociologywhilemicroquestionsarenot. b.Microquestionstendtobemoreimportantthanmacroquestions. c.Microquestionsoftenrequiremacroanswers. d.Individualexperienceswhichoccuratthemicrolevelareintricatelyconnectedtobroadersocialforcesatthe macrolevel. ANSWER:d 20.AccordingtoC.WrightMills,whoshouldusethesociologicalimagination? a.psychologists b.socialpsychologists c.professionalsociologistsonly d.everyone ANSWER:d

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 21.AccordingtoC.WrightMills,whatdosociologiststrytodo? a.Theytrytorelateindividualtroublestohigherdivorcerates. b.Theytrytounderstandindividualtroublesasunconnectedtoeachother. c.Theytrytorelateindividualtroublestohigherratesofsuicide. d.Theytrytounderstandindividualtroublesinabroaderhistoricalperspective. ANSWER:d 22.Whichtermbestdescribestheabilityofapersontograsptheconnectionbetweensocietyandself? a.sociologicalimagination b.socialevolution c.sociologicalrevelation d.structuralintegration ANSWER:a 23.Aconscientiouscoffeeconsumereagertothwartexploitationofplantationworkersinunderdevelopedcountries buysnothingbutfair-tradecoffee.AccordingtoC.WrightMills,whatdoesthisconsumerpossess? a.socialconsciousness b.sociologicalimagination c.exploitativeimagination d.consumerconsciousness ANSWER:b 24.Whichofthefollowinghelpsustounderstandthatthingsarenotalwayswhattheyseemtobe? a.thesociologicalyou b.thesociologicalproblematic c.thesociologicalparadox d.thesociologicalimagination ANSWER:d 25.Whywouldsocialservicesworkersbenefitfromadegreeinsociology? a.Theyneedtounderstandhowtoworkwithcriminals. b.Auniversityeducationisnecessaryfortheposition. c.Theydevelopsocialserviceprograms. d.Theydealwithbothpersonalandsocialproblems. ANSWER:d

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 26.AccordingtoC.WrightMills,thesociologicalimaginationencouragestheexplorationofwhichofthefollowingwith respecttounemployment? a.thereasonsforindividualunemployment b.howtheunemploymentofindividualsaffectssocietyindysfunctionalways c.whyunemploymentrateshavemoretodowiththeimaginationoftherecord-keepersthanwiththefacts d.thelinkbetweenunemploymentasanindividualproblemandunemploymentasasocietalproblem ANSWER:d 27.Whydosomepeopleusethephrase“commitsociology”? a.Itisoftenusedbyresearcherstodescribetheirprocedures. b.Theymeantodiscourageanexaminationoftherootcausesofserioussocialproblems. c.ItisusedtoreferencetoC.WrightMills,whofirstusedittodescribesociologistsfeelingaboutthe sociologicalimagination. d.ItisusedasawayofacknowledgingthecontributionsofMaxWeberbecausehewasthefirsttousethe phrase. ANSWER:b 28.WhowasAugusteComte? a.Heintroducedtheconceptofthe“lifechance.” b.Heintroducedtheconceptofthe“sociologicalimagination.” c.Hearguedthatsociologyneedstobemoreinterdisciplinary. d.Hegavesociologyitsname. ANSWER:d 29.Evenbeforethedisciplinehadaname,whatweretheearlysociologiststryingtounderstand? a.researchmethods b.changesinsociety c.earlytheory d.socialmyth ANSWER:b 30.Howcancontemporarysocialscienceresearchbebestdescribed? a.interdisciplinaryandpostmodern b.postdisciplinaryandmultifunctional c.multidisciplinarityandnonempirical d.postdisciplinaryandinterdisciplinary ANSWER:d

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 31.Whichstatementbestdescribesinterdisciplinarity? a.Itinvolvesscholarsworkingonparallelprojectsinordertoshowthatthesamephenomenacanbeunderstood manydifferentways. b.Ithasencouragedtheformationofnewdisciplineslikeglobalizationorgenderstudies. c.Itrarelyinvolvessociologicalanalysis. d.Itfocusesononegenderatatime. ANSWER:b 32.Thedifferencebetweendisciplinessuchassociologyandanthropologyislessapparentinthe21stcentury. Accordingtothetext,whatisthisphenomenoncalled? a.dualdisciplinarity b.interdisciplinarity c.multidisciplinarity d.postdisciplinarity ANSWER:d 33.Whoisacknowledgedasdoingworkthatexaminedhowpoweraffectedthesocietyofthetime? a.MahatmaGandhi b.IbnKhaldun c.Aristotle d.Confucius ANSWER:b 34.Whoisnotedasthefirstacademictorecognizethesignificanceofcombiningempiricalresearchandtheoryasa productivemethodofstudyingthesocialworld? a.AugusteComte b.KarlMarx c.MaxWeber d.EmileDurkheim ANSWER:a 35.Rachelisatenuredfacultymemberoftheeconomicsdepartmentatthelocaluniversity,Anitaisanassociate professorinsociology,andHarleyistenuredinthedepartmentoffamilymedicine.Asaresearchgroup,theyhave beenawardedfundsfromamajornationalfundingagencytostudytheaccumulatedlong-termsocioculturaland sociomedicaleffectsoflowincomeonthehealthofimmigrantgroupsinamidsizedcityinWesternCanada.Whatis thisisanexampleof? a.postdisciplinarity b.aggregateddisciplinarity c.omnidisciplinarity d.interdisciplinarity ANSWER:d Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 36.SociologicalresearchhasprovidedsocietywithanoverviewoftheCanadianlegalandcorrectionssystems.This datawouldnothavebeenavailableforanalysisandapplicationtosocietywithouttheuseofwhichofthefollowing togatherreliableknowledge? a.empiricalmethods b.theoreticalconceptualization c.researchfunding d.experimentalmethodologies ANSWER:a 37.Whichtermreferstoasetofpropositionsintendedtoexplainafactoraphenomenon? a.atheory b.anorm c.afact d.aparadigm ANSWER:a 38.Inalargemetropolitancentre,authoritiessuspectedthatbreak-and-enterandothertheftcrimeswereincreasingdue tomassivelayoffsduringaglobalrecessionandthesubsequentlossofincome.Bysystematicallystudyingthe incomelevelsofpopulationswithinthemetropolitanarea,themostvulnerableareaswereidentifiedandstrategies foraddressingtheimmediateneedsofthepeopleinthoseareaswereinitiated.Whichsociologicalapproachisusefu forthistypeofobjectivestudyofthisnature? a.critical b.positivist c.negativist d.reductionist ANSWER:b 39.Jocelynhasbeenturneddownforfivejobsinthelasttwomonths.Shebelievestheinterviewersdonotconsiderher becauseofthecolourofherskin.Whattheoreticalapproachwouldbemosteffectivewhenanalyzingher experiences? a.interpretive b.critical c.positive d.negative ANSWER:b

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 40.Whichstatementbestdescribesapositivistapproach? a.Itstemsfromthehumanities. b.Itfocusesonsubjectiveexplanations. c.Itlooksattherelationshipsbetweenvariables. d.Itassumethatpeoplegenerallyhavefavourableviewsoftheirsociety. ANSWER:c 41.Accordingtothetext,whichtheoryemphasizesexplanationandprediction,assumingthatthereareobjective“laws” thatgovernthewaysocietyworks? a.interpretivisttheorizing b.criticaltheorizing c.positivisttheorizing d.feministtheorizing ANSWER:c 42.Whichofthefollowingtakesapositivistapproach? a.conflicttheory b.symbolicinteractionism c.postmodernism d.functionalism ANSWER:d 43.InCanadiansociety,divorceratesarerelativelyhigh.Accordingtostructuralfunctionalists,whichtermbest describesthefamilystructurewhenproblemsresultindivorce? a.split b.bidivisional c.dysfunctional d.latent ANSWER:c 44.Accordingtothetext,whatdowecallcollectivelysharedcriteriabywhichwedeterminewhethersomethingisrigh orwrong? a.sociology b.values c.theory d.functionalism ANSWER:b

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 45.Joãogrewupinthecountryside,butmovedtothecitytofindworkwhenheturned18.Hefeltverylostbecausehe wasunsureofsocialnormsthatwerefollowedinhisnewurbansurroundings.AccordingtoDurkheim,what consequencemightfollowfromthisexperience? a.manifest b.neo-urban c.dysfunctional d.anomie ANSWER:d 46.Whichtermwouldmostsociologistsusetodescribethetendencyforpeopleinsocietytobecomeincreasingly isolatedfromeachother? a.functional b.aproductofmores c.dysfunctional d.amicrolevellifechance ANSWER:c 47.Whenthemembersofsocietyshareaviewthatsomethingisrightorwrong,whatdowesaytheyareexpressing? a.theirvalues b.theirnorms c.ageneralizedotherness d.anemancipatorylaxity ANSWER:a 48.WhichofthefollowingisÉmileDurkheimmostcloselyassociated? a.lifechances b.anomie c.classconflict d.thegeneralizedother ANSWER:b 49.Afterworkingataminimumwagejobforthreeyears,Catherinehasdecidedtoapplytothelocalcollegetoreceive trainingtobeamedicallaboratorytechnician.Shecheckedvariousjobwebsitesacrossthecountryanddiscovered thattherewasasignificantshortageoflabtechsandthatshewouldhavenotroublefindingwork.Accordingto structuralfunctionalists,whatkindoffunctionalitydoesCatherine’schoiceexhibit? a.latent b.manifest c.purposeful d.socialized ANSWER:b Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 50.SuicideratesinsomeIndigenouscommunitiesareamongthehighestinCanada.Whilesuicideisoftencharacterized asanindividual’sresponsetopain,emotional,psychological,and/orothermentalhealthconcerns,whattermmight Durkheimusetodescribewhatappearstobeaspecificissuewithinanentirecommunityofpeople? a.dysfunctional b.culturalfatigue c.anomie d.sharedpost-traumaticstress ANSWER:c 51.Duringaneconomicdepression,largenumbersofpeoplemayfeelacollectivesenseofnormlessnessand uncertaintyaboutwhattherulesareunderwhichsocialcondition.Whowouldbestdescribethistypeofsituation? a.Marx b.Durkhein c.Mills d.Comte ANSWER:b 52.Duringaneconomicdepression,largenumbersofpeoplemayfeelacollectivesenseofnormlessnessand uncertaintyaboutwhattherulesareunderthesenewsocialconditions.Whatisthissituationanexampleof? a.normativedeficiency b.anomie c.dysfunction d.inadequatenormalization ANSWER:b 53.Whichtypeofsocietywouldconflicttheoristsfindmostreflectiveoftheirarguments? a.asocietywhichisconstantlyatwarwithitsneighbours b.asocietyinwhichthereisnorealviolencebutinwhichlevelsofmediaviolenceareveryhigh c.asocietyinwhichasmallgroupofpowerfulpeopleisatthetopofthesocialhierarchyandalargegroupof powerlesspeopleisonthebottom. d.asocietyinwhichaproletarianclassexploitsthebourgeoisieclass ANSWER:c 54.Whoiscreditedwithfoundingtheconflictperspective? a.ÉmileDurkheim b.KarlMarx c.MaxWeber d.GeorgeHerbertMead ANSWER:b

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 55.Historically,thepeoplewhodecidedthatwomenshouldnotgetaneducationwereprobablymen.Whichtheory wouldbemostlikelytostudythisstatement? a.normative b.historical c.critical d.interpretive ANSWER:c 56.Criticaltheoryfocusesonwhatfactorinfluencingsocialprocesses? a.negativity b.problems c.self-interpretation d.power ANSWER:d 57.Accordingtothetext,whattypeoftheorizingexplorestherolethatpowerplaysinsocialprocesses,andemphasizes theimportanceofknowledgebeingtiedtoemancipation? a.interpretivisttheorizing b.criticaltheorizing c.positivisttheorizing d.feministtheorizing ANSWER:b 58.InMarxistconflicttheory,whoaretheownersofthemeansofproduction? a.thebourgeoisie b.theproletariat c.theleaders d.everyone ANSWER:a 59.Accordingtothetext,whichsociologicalframeworkviewssocietyascomprisingindividualswhoareengagedin variousformsofcommunication,whichcometomeanparticularthingsbasedoncommonsharedunderstandingstha developbetweenspecificpeople? a.conflictframework b.interactionistframework c.feministframework d.postmodernframework ANSWER:b

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Chapter1-SeeingandActingThroughtheLensofSociology 60.Whichtheoreticalframeworkistightlylinkedwithpractice? a.structuralfunctionalisttheory b.symbolicinteractionisttheory c.Durkheim’stheory d.conflicttheory ANSWER:d 61.Thereisasmallgroupofpeopleintownwhoseemtohaveallthemoneyandmakealltherules.Therulesthey make(especiallyaroundemployment)areintendedtoensuretheycontinuetohaveallthemoney.Whichtheoretical p...