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CHAPTER 1 Managerial Accounting ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Learning Objectives

Questions

Brief Exercises

Do It!

Exercises

*1.

Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.

1, 2, 3

1

1

1

*2.

Identify the three broad functions of management.

4, 5, 6, 7, 8

2, 3

1

*3.

Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

11, 12

4, 5, 7

2

*4.

Distinguish between product and period costs.

13

6

2

*5.

Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing income statement.

9, 14

*6.

Indicate how cost of goods manufactured is determined.

15, 16, 17, 18

8, 10, 11

*7.

Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing balance sheet.

10, 19, 20, 21

9

*8.

Identify trends in managerial accounting.

22, 23, 24 25, 26

3

4

A Problems

B Problems

2, 3, 4, 5, 6

1A, 2A

1B, 2B

3, 4, 5, 7, 13

1A, 2A

1B, 2B

8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17

3A, 4A, 5A

3B, 4B, 5B

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17

3A, 4A, 5A

3B, 4B, 5B

14, 15, 16, 17

3A, 4A

3B, 4B

18

*Note: All asterisked Questions, Exercises, and Problems relate to material contained in the appendix to the chapter.

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Weygandt, Managerial Accounting, 6/e, Solution Transparencies

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1-1

ASSIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS TABLE Problem Number

1-2

Description

Difficulty Level

Time Allotted (min.)

1A

Classify manufacturing costs into different categories and compute the unit cost.

Simple

20–30

2A

Classify manufacturing costs into different categories and compute the unit cost.

Simple

20–30

3A

Indicate the missing amount of different cost items, and prepare a condensed cost of goods manufactured schedule, an income statement, and a partial balance sheet.

Moderate

30–40

4A

Prepare a cost of goods manufactured schedule, a partial income statement, and a partial balance sheet.

Moderate

30–40

5A

Prepare a cost of goods manufactured schedule and a correct income statement.

Moderate

30–40

1B

Classify manufacturing costs into different categories and compute the unit cost.

Simple

20–30

2B

Classify manufacturing costs into different categories and compute the unit cost.

Simple

20–30

3B

Indicate the missing amount of different cost items, and prepare a condensed cost of goods manufactured schedule, an income statement, and a partial balance sheet.

Moderate

30–40

4B

Prepare a cost of goods manufactured schedule, a partial income statement, and a partial balance sheet.

Moderate

30–40

5B

Prepare a cost of goods manufactured schedule and a correct income statement.

Moderate

30–40

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Weygandt, Managerial Accounting, 6/e, Solution Transparencies

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Learning Objective

Knowledge

Comprehension

Application

Weygandt, Managerial Accounting, 6/e, Solution Transparencies

* 1. Explain the distinguishing features of managerial accounting.

Q1-1 Q1-2 Q1-3

BE1-1 DI1-1 E1-1

* 2. Identify the three broad functions of management.

Q1-4 Q1-5 Q1-6 Q1-7 Q1-12 BE1-4 BE1-5 BE1-7

Q1-8 BE1-2 BE1-3 DI1-1 DI1-2 E1-2 E1-3 E1-6

Q1-13 BE1-6 DI1-2 Q1-9 Q1-14 E1-15

E1-3

E1-15

Q1-15 Q1-16 Q1-17 Q1-18 BE1-8 BE1-10 BE1-11 E1-15 BE1-9 E1-14 E1-16

* 3. Define the three classes of manufacturing costs.

Q1-11

* 4. Distinguish between product and period costs. * 5. Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing income statement. * 6. Indicate how cost of goods manufactured is determined.

* 7. Explain the difference between a merchandising and a manufacturing balance sheet. * 8. Identify trends in managerial accounting.

(For Instructor Use Only)

Broadening Your Perspective

Q1-19

Q1-10 Q1-20 Q1-21 Q1-22 Q1-23 Q1-24 Q1-25 BYP1-4

Analysis

E1-4 E1-5

P1-1A P1-2A P1-1B

P1-2B

E1-4 E1-5 E1-7 E1-8 E1-12 E1-13

E1-13 P1-1A P1-2A E1-14 E1-17 P1-4A

P1-1B P1-2B

DI1-3 E1-8 E1-9 E1-10 E1-11 E1-12 E1-13

E1-14 E1-16 E1-17 P1-4A P1-4B

P1-4B P1-3A P1-5A P1-3B

Synthesis

Evaluation

P1-5B

E1-10 E1-11 P1-3A P1-5A P1-3B P1-5B

E1-17 P1-3A P1-4A P1-3B P1-4B

Q1-26 DI1-4 E1-18 BYP1-1

BYP1-2 BYP1-3 BYP1-5 BYP1-6

BYP1-7 BYP1-8 BYP1-9

BLOOM’S TAXONOMY TABLE

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Correlation Chart between Bloom’s Taxonomy, Learning Objectives and End-of-Chapter Exercises and Problems

1-3

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1.

(a) Disagree. Managerial accounting is a field of accounting that provides economic and financial information for managers and other internal users. (b) Joe is incorrect. Managerial accounting applies to all types of businesses—service, merchandising, and manufacturing.

2.

(a)

3.

Differences in the content of the reports are as follows:

Financial accounting is concerned primarily with external users such as stockholders, creditors, and regulators. In contrast, managerial accounting is concerned primarily with internal users such as officers and managers. (b) Financial statements are the end product of financial accounting. The statements are prepared quarterly and annually. In managerial accounting, internal reports may be prepared as frequently as needed. (c) The purpose of financial accounting is to provide general-purpose information for all users. The purpose of managerial accounting is to provide special-purpose information for specific decisions.

Financial

Managerial

• Pertains to business as a whole and is highly aggregated. • Limited to double-entry accounting and cost data. • Generally accepted accounting principles.

• Pertains to subunits of the business and may be very detailed. • Extends beyond double-entry accounting system to any relevant data. • Standard is relevance to decisions.

In financial accounting, financial statements are verified annually through an independent audit by certified public accountants. There are no independent audits of internal reports issued by managerial accountants. 4.

Budgets are prepared by companies to provide future direction. Because the budget is also used as an evaluation tool, some managers try to game the budgeting process by underestimating their division’s predicted performance so that it will be easier to meet their performance targets. On the other hand, if the budget is set at unattainable levels, managers sometimes take unethical actions to meet targets to receive higher compensation or in some cases to keep their jobs.

5.

Linda should know that the management of an organization performs three broad functions: (1) Planning requires management to look ahead and to establish objectives. (2) Directing involves coordinating the diverse activities and human resources of a company to produce a smooth-running operation. (3) Controlling is the process of keeping the company’s activities on track.

6.

Disagree. Decision making is not a separate management function. Rather, decision making involves the exercise of good judgment in performing the three management functions explained in the answer to question five above.

7.

Employees with line positions are directly involved in the company’s primary revenue generating operating activities. Examples would include plant managers and supervisors, and the vice president of operations. In contrast, employees with staff positions are not directly involved in revenuegenerating operating activities, but rather serve in a support capacity to line employees. Examples include employees in finance, legal, and human resources.

1-4

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Questions Chapter 1 (Continued) 8.

CEOs and CFOs must now certify that financial statements give a fair presentation of the company’s operating results and its financial condition and that the company maintains an adequate system of internal controls. In addition, the composition of the board of directors and audit committees receives more scrutiny, and penalties for misconduct have increased.

9.

The differences between income statements are in the computation of the cost of goods sold as follows: Manufacturing company:

Beginning finished goods inventory plus cost of goods manufactured minus ending finished goods inventory = cost of goods sold.

Merchandising company:

Beginning merchandise inventory plus cost of goods purchased minus ending merchandise inventory = cost of goods sold.

10.

The difference in balance sheets pertains to the presentation of inventories in the current asse section. In a merchandising company, only merchandise inventory is shown. In a manufacturing company, three inventory accounts are shown: finished goods, work in process, and raw materials.

11.

Manufacturing costs are classified as either direct materials, direct labor, or manufacturing overhead.

12.

No, Mel is not correct. The distinction between direct and indirect materials is based on two criteria: (1) physical association and (2) the convenience of making the physical association. Materials which cannot be easily associated with the finished product are considered indirect materials.

13.

Product costs, or inventoriable costs, are costs that are a necessary and integral part of producing the finished product. Period costs are costs that are identified with a specific time period rather than with a salable product. These costs relate to nonmanufacturing costs and therefore are no inventoriable costs.

14.

A merchandising company has beginning merchandise inventory, cost of goods purchased, and ending merchandise inventory. A manufacturing company has beginning finished goods inventory, cost of goods manufactured, and ending finished goods inventory.

15.

(a) (b)

16.

Raw materials inventory, beginning......................................................................... Raw materials purchases ........................................................................................ Total raw materials available for use ....................................................................... Raw materials inventory, ending ............................................................................. Direct materials used .....................................................................................

$ 12,000 170,000 182,000 (15,000) $167,000

17.

Direct materials used............................................................................................... Direct labor used ..................................................................................................... Total manufacturing overhead................................................................................. Total manufacturing costs ..............................................................................

$240,000 220,000 180,000 $640,000

18.

(a) (b)

$666,000 $634,000

19.

The order of listing is finished goods inventory, work in process inventory, and raw materials inventory.

X = total cost of work in process. X = cost of goods manufactured.

Total cost of work in process ($26,000 + $640,000) ...................................... Cost of goods manufactured ($666,000 – $32,000).......................................

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1-5

Questions Chapter 1 (Continued) 20. The products differ in how each are consumed by the customer. Services are consumed immediately; the product is not put into inventory. Meals at a restaurant are the best example where they are consumed immediately by the customer. There could be a long lead time before the product is consumed in a manufacturing environment. 21. Yes, product costing techniques apply equally well to manufacturers and service companies. Each needs to keep track of the cost of production or services in order to know whether it is generating a profit. The techniques shown in this chapter, to accumulate manufacturing costs to determine manufacturing inventory, are equally useful for determining the cost of services. 22. The value chain refers to all activities associated with providing a product or service. For a manufacturer, these include research and development, product design, acquisition of raw materials, production, sales and marketing, delivery, customer relations, and subsequent service. 23. An enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is an integrated software system that provides a comprehensive, centralized resource for information. Its primary benefits are that it replaces the many individual systems typically used for receivables, payables, inventory, human resources, etc. Also, it can be used to get information from, and provide information to, the company’s customers and suppliers. 24. In a just-in-time inventory system, the company has no extra inventory stored. Consequently, if some units that are produced are defective, the company will not have enough units to deliver to customers. 25. The balanced scorecard is called “balanced” because it strives to not over emphasize any one performance measure, but rather uses both financial and non-financial measures to evaluate all aspects of a company’s operations in an integrated fashion. 26. Activity-based costing is an approach used to allocate overhead based on each product’s relative use of activities in making the product. Activity-based costing is beneficial because it results in more accurate product costing and in more careful scrutiny of all activities in the value chain.

1-6

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SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES BRIEF EXERCISE 1-1 Financial Accounting

Managerial Accounting

Primary users

External users

Internal users

Types of reports

Financial statements

Internal reports

Frequency of reports

Quarterly and annually

As frequently as needed

Purpose of reports

General-purpose

Special-purpose information for specific decisions

Content of reports

Generally accepted accounting principles

Relevance to decisions

Verification process

Annual audit by certified No independent audits public accountant

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-2 One implication of SOX was to clarify top management’s responsibility for the company’s financial statements. CEOs and CFOs must now certify that financial statements give a fair presentation of the company’s operating results and its financial condition. In addition, top managers must certify that the company maintains an adequate system of internal controls to safeguard the company’s assets and ensure accurate financial reports. Also, more attention is now paid to the composition of the company’s board of directors. In particular, the audit committee of the board of directors must be comprised entirely of independent members (that is, non-employees) and must contain at least one financial expert. Finally, to increase the likelihood of compliance with these and other new rules, the penalties for misconduct were substantially increased. BRIEF EXERCISE 1-3 (a) 1. Planning. (b) 2. Directing. (c) 3. Controlling.

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1-7

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-4 (a) (b) (c) (d)

DM DL MO MO

Frames and tires used in manufacturing bicycles. Wages paid to production workers. Insurance on factory equipment and machinery. Depreciation on factory equipment.

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-5 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h)

Direct materials. Direct materials. Direct labor. Manufacturing overhead. Manufacturing overhead. Direct materials. Direct materials. Manufacturing overhead.

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-6 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Product. Period. Period. Period. Product. Product.

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-7 Product Costs Direct Materials (a) (b) (c) (d)

1-8

Direct Labor

Factory Overhead X

X X X

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BRIEF EXERCISE 1-8 (a) Direct materials used ............................................................ Direct labor ............................................................................. Total manufacturing overhead ............................................. Total manufacturing costs ............................................

$180,000 209,000 208,000 $597,000

(b) Beginning work in process................................................... Total manufacturing costs.................................................... Total cost of work in process .......................................

$ 25,000 597,000 $622,000

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-9 RUIZ COMPANY Balance Sheet December 31, 2014 Current assets Cash .................................................................... Accounts receivable.......................................... Inventories Finished goods........................................... Work in process ......................................... Raw materials ............................................. Prepaid expenses .............................................. Total current assets ...........................

$ 62,000 200,000 $91,000 87,000 73,000

251,000 38,000 $551,000

BRIEF EXERCISE 1-10 Direct Ma...