Chapter 10 - Blood - Anatomy & Physiology PDF

Preview

Summary

Mastrangelo...

Description

Chapter 10 - Blood

I.

COMPOSITION AND FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD A.

Components (See Figure 10.1 for a summary of the composition of whole blood)

B.

Physical Characteristics and Volume (See Figure 10.2 for a photomicrograph of blood.)

C.

Plasma (Plasma minus the clotting factors is called serum.)

D.

Formed Elements (You need to know the basic functions of all the formed elements.)

1.

Erythrocytes

2.

Leukocytes

a.

Granulocytes

i.

Neutrophils

ii.

Eosinophils

iii.

Basophils

b.

3.

Agranulocytes

i.

Lymphocytes

ii.

Monocytes

Platelets (Really cell fragments; derived from megakaryocytes.)

E.

Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Formation) (See Figure 10.4; all formed elements are derived from the same stem cell called a hemocytoblast in the red bone marrow.)

II.

HEMOSTASIS (Stopping of blood flow.) A.

Phases of Hemostasis (The 3 major steps of hemostasis are diagrammed in Figure 10.6.)

1.

Platelet Plug Formation

2.

Vascular Spasms (Serotonin is the major chemical responsible for this phase.)

3.

Coagulation (Blood Clotting) (A cascade effect is seen here, with the end-product being fibrin.)

B.

Disorders of Hemostasis

1.

Undesirable Clotting (Naturally circulating anticoagulants try to prevent this from occurring.)

III.

a.

Thrombus

b.

Embolus

BLOOD GROUPS AND TRANSFUSIONS A.

Human Blood Groups

1.

ABO Blood Groups (Nice chart on Table 10.3. I suggest that you make your own.)

2.

B.

Rh Blood Groups

Blood Typing...