Chapter 10 mastering ansers PDF

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Mastering Biology Ch.10...

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10/20/2020

Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Due: 11:59pm on Sunday, October 25, 2020 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Chapter 10 Question 6

Part A Which of the following statements correctly describes a distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? ANSWER: Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. Autotrophs, but not heterotrophs, can nourish themselves beginning with CO2 and other nutrients that are inorganic. Only heterotrophs require oxygen. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria.

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 5

Part A The oxygen released by photosynthesis is produced by which of the following processes? ANSWER: the electron transfer system of photosystem II splitting water molecules chemiosmosis the electron transfer system of photosystem I

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 3

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Part A Under what conditions do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in most plants? ANSWER:

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in both the dark and the light. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur only in the light. Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs only in the dark. Photosynthesis occurs only in the light, and cellular respiration occurs in both the dark and the light.

Correct

Chapter 10 Pre-Test Question 7 Part A Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that H2O is _____ during the light reactions and CO2 is _____ during the Calvin cycle. See Concept 10.1 (Page 191)

Hint 1. Review the two stages of photosynthesis.

ANSWER:

reduced...reduced consumed...consumed reduced...oxidized consumed...reduced oxidized...reduced

Correct During the light reactions of photosynthesis, water is oxidized, and during the Calvin cycle, carbon is reduced.

Chapter 10 Pre-Test Question 3 Part A The photosynthetic membranes are found in the _____ in plant cells. See Concept 10.1 (Page 189) https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=9462781

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Hint 1. Review thylakoids in your text.

ANSWER:

Golgi apparatus chloroplasts endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria nucleus

Correct An elaborate system of interconnected thylakoid membranes segregates the stroma from the thylakoid space in the chloroplast.

Activity: The Sites of Photosynthesis

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Identify the chloroplast.

ANSWER: https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=9462781

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C D B E A

Correct This is a chloroplast.

Part B Identify the stroma.

ANSWER:

D B C E A

Correct This is the stroma.

Part C Identify a thylakoid.

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ANSWER:

E C A D B

Correct This is a thylakoid.

Activity: Overview of Photosynthesis

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which of these equations best summarizes photosynthesis? ANSWER:

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C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy 6 CO2 + 6 O2 → C6H12O6 + 6 H2O 6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 H2O → 2 H+ + 1/2 O2 + 2eC6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

Correct This is the equation that summarizes the reactions of photosynthesis.

Part B Where does the Calvin cycle occur?

ANSWER:

A C B D E

Correct The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma.

Part C The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____ and produce _____. ANSWER:

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Chapter 10

NADPH ... oxygen carbon dioxide ... sugar water ... NADPH carbon dioxide ... oxygen NADPH ... NADP+

Correct NADPH is a reactant in the Calvin cycle.

Chapter 10 Question 37

Part A The mechanism of photophosphorylation is most similar to which of the following processes? ANSWER: oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration reduction of NADP+ substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis the Calvin cycle

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 36

Part A In a plant, which of the following reactions produce molecular oxygen (O2)? ANSWER:

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Chapter 10

the light reactions alone the Calvin cycle alone the light reactions and the Calvin cycle neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 35

Part A Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants? ANSWER:

They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy.

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 32

Part A Carbon dioxide is split to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds in which of the following metabolic pathways? ANSWER:

only respiration only photosynthesis photosynthesis and respiration neither photosynthesis nor respiration

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Chapter 10

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 31

Part A In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs during ________. ANSWER:

respiration only photosynthesis and respiration photosynthesis only photosynthesis, respiration, and fermentation

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 30

Part A Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? ANSWER:

Photosynthesis is catabolic; cellular respiration is anabolic. Cellular respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse. Photosynthesis occurs only in plants; cellular respiration occurs only in animals. Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules; cellular respiration releases energy from complex organic molecules.

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 29

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Part A Which of the following events are associated with chemiosmosis in chloroplasts? ANSWER:

The pH of the stroma decreases and ATP is hydrolyzed. The pH of the stroma increases and ATP is synthesized. The pH of the thylakoid space increases and ATP is synthesized. The pH of the cytoplasm outside the chloroplast decreases and ATP is synthesized.

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 28

Part A In mitochondria, an electron transport chain pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, an electron transport chain pumps protons from the ________. ANSWER:

matrix to the stroma thylakoid space to the matrix thylakoid space to the stroma stroma to the thylakoid space

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 27

Part A Where are ATP synthase complexes located in plant cells? ANSWER:

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Chapter 10

thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane inner mitochondrial membrane only thylakoid membrane only thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 21

Part A Which of the following processes is directly associated with photosystem I? ANSWER:

passing electrons to NADP+ extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain generation of molecular oxygen

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 20

Part A What is the function of the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex in the thylakoid membranes? ANSWER:

They transfer electrons to NADP+. They split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll. They absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll. They synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi.

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Chapter 10

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 19

Part A Which molecule is the final electron acceptor for electrons from photosystem I? ANSWER:

NADP+ chlorophyll in photosystem II oxygen carbon dioxide

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 16

Part A In autumn, chlorophyll is degraded in the leaves of deciduous trees. Why do the leaves change color to shades of yellow, orange, or red? ANSWER:

Degraded chlorophyll changes into many other colors. In the absence of photosynthesis, the leaves produce energy exclusively by aerobic cellular respiration. Sugars from sap fill the leaves prior to winter. Other pigments such as carotenoids are still present in the leaves.

Correct

Chapter 10 Pre-Test Question 5 Part A https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=9462781

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Chapter 10

Which of the following is a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis? See Concept 10.2 (Page 192)

Hint 1. Review photosynthesis in your text.

ANSWER:

water and CO2 high-energy photons NADP+ and RuBP oxygen, ATP, and NADPH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Correct

Activity: The Light Reactions

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which of these phosphorylates ADP to make ATP?

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ANSWER:

D C A E B

Correct ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP.

Part B _____ releases energy that is used to pump hydrogen ions from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.

ANSWER: E A B C D

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Chapter 10

Correct The energy released as electrons are passed along the electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the thylakoid compartment.

Part C _____ splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e- .

ANSWER:

D E A B C

Correct Photosystem II splits water into 1/2 O2, H+, and e- .

Part D Energized electrons from ____ are used to reduce NADP+.

ANSWER:

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C E D A B

Correct Energized electrons from photosystem I are used to reduce NADP+.

Part E Chlorophyll can be found in _____.

ANSWER:

B and D B and C A and C A and B B and E

Correct The photosystems contain chlorophyll.

Activity: Chemiosmosis

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Chapter 10

Click here to view this animation. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?

Hint 1. Which ATP-producing process uses light energy?

ANSWER:

Substrate-level phosphorylation Dephosphorylation Photophosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct The excitation of chlorophyll by light energy initiates a chain of events that leads to ATP production.

Part B True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron flow through an electron transport chain.

Hint 1. How are electron flow and ATP production linked in organisms?

ANSWER:

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True False

Correct The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the flow of electrons through an electron transport chain generates a proton gradient that leads to the synthesis of ATP.

Part C According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?

Hint 1. What is the chemiosmotic hypothesis?

ANSWER:

Proton gradient Temperature gradient Electrons Osmotic gradient

Correct A proton gradient across chloroplast and mitochondrial membranes drives ATP synthesis by the enzyme ATP synthase.

Part D Which of the following particles can pass through the ATP synthase channel?

Hint 1. This particle directly drives the synthesis of ATP.

ANSWER:

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Protons ATP ADP Inorganic phosphate

Correct The channels formed by ATP synthase are specific for protons.

Part E True or false? The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate spans the chloroplast membrane.

Hint 1. Consider the functions of the two main parts of the ATP synthase enzyme.

ANSWER:

True False

Correct The region of ATP synthase that catalyzes ATP production protrudes out of, but does not span, the chloroplast membrane; the region that spans the membrane is an ion channel through which protons can pass.

Part F Chloroplast membrane vesicles are equilibrated in a simple solution of pH 5 . The solution is then adjusted to pH 8 . Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from these experimental conditions?

Hint 1. Review the conditions that resulted in the production of ATP in the experiment described in the animation.

ANSWER:

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ATP will not be produced because there is no ADP and inorganic phosphate in the solution. The change in the solution's pH results in a gradient across the chloroplast membranes such that there is a lower concentration of protons inside the vesicles and a higher concentration outside. Protons will not diffuse toward the outside of the vesicles. ATP will be produced because the proton gradient favors proton movement through the ATP synthase channels.

Correct This statement is true; although the proton gradient is present, ADP and inorganic phosphate are required to make ATP and were not added to the reaction.

Chapter 10 Question 47

Part A Which of the following processes occurs during the Calvin cycle? ANSWER:

regeneration of the CO2 acceptor release of oxygen production of ATP reduction of NADPH

Correct

Chapter 10 Question 42

Part A Where in a plant cell does the Calvin cycle take place? ANSWER:

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Chapter 10

interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) outer membrane of the chloroplast thylakoid membrane stroma of the chloroplast

Correct

Chapter 10 Pre-Test Question 9 Part A The overall function of the Calvin cycle is _____. See Concept 10.3 (Page 201)

Hint 1. Consider what the "goal" of photosynthesis is.

ANSWER:

making sugar splitting water oxidizing glucose producing carbon dioxide capturing sunlight

Correct Using the ATP and NADPH made during the light reactions, carbon is reduced in the Calvin cycle and sugar is made.

Chapter 10 Question 41

Part A Which of the following molecules are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? ANSWER:

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Chapter 10

ADP, Pi, and NADP+ ATP and NADPH H2O and O2 CO2 and glucose

Correct

Activity: The Calvin Cycle

Click here to complete this activity. Then answer the questions.

Part A Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____. ANSWER:

RuBP Rubisco 3-PGA NADPH G3P

Correct In the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide is added to RuBP.

Part B After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____. https://session.masteringbiology.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=9462781

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ANSWER: CO2 NADPH NADP+ ADP ATP

Correct NADPH supplies the electrons that reduce the phosphorylated 3-PGA.

Part C How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose? ANSWER:

6 8 4 2 10

Correct Six carbon dioxide molecules are required to produce two G3P molecules, which can be combined to make one glucose molecule.

Part D In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules? ANSWER: 4 2 3 1 5

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Correct Correct.

Activity: Photosynthesis

Click here to view this animation. Then answer the questions.

Part A Which process produces oxygen? ANSWER:

Cellular respiration Photosynthesis

Correct Oxygen is a by-product of the photosynthetic process.

Part B Which set of reactions uses H2O and produces O2? ANSWER:

The light-independent reactions The light-dependent reactions

Correct The light-dependent reactions use H2O and produce O2.

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Chapter 10

Part C What is the importance of the light-independ...