Chapter 10 Worksheet, Rubenstein & Alcock PDF

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Chapter 10 worksheet questions and answers for BIO 371 with Dr. Burk....

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BIO/EVS 371. Animal Behavior. Fall 2020.

Name: Kathleen Bracken

Worksheet for Chapter Ten of Rubenstein & Alcock. (15 points possible.) Answers are worth one point each unless otherwise indicated. 1.) Explain the difference between "social monogamy" and "genetic monogamy". Social monogamy is only the pairing of male and female, whereas genetic monogamy is when pairs produce and rear only their own genetic offspring. 2.) (2 points) What are the 4 non-mutually-exclusive hypotheses for the evolution of monogamy? The four non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for the evolution of monogamy are (1) the mate limitation hypothesis, (2) the mate guarding hypothesis, (3) the mate assistance hypothesis, and (4) the infanticide hypothesis. The mate limitation hypothesis says that monogamy is likely to evolve when potential mates do not form groups and roam widely, making them costly to locate. The mate guarding hypothesis says that monogamy is likely to evolve when individuals have the ability to restrict mating behavior in their partner. The mate assistance hypothesis says that monogamy is likely to evolve when resources are so critical to successful reproduction that both parents are necessary to rear young. The infanticide hypothesis says that monogamy is likely to evolve when the risk of infanticide is high and a partner can provide protection against infanticidal males. 3.) In contrast to previous beliefs, what is now believed to be the commonest mating system of female animals? We now know that polyandry is much more common than monogamy.

4.) (2 points) What are the 4 non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for indirect benefits to females of polyandry? The 4 non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for indirect benefits to females of polyandry are (1) the good genes hypothesis, (2) the genetic compatibility hypothesis, (3) the genetic diversity hypothesis, and (4) the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis. The good genes hypothesis says that females mate polyandrously to produce offspring of higher genetic quality or viability. The genetic compatibility hypothesis says that females mate polyandrously to increase the odds of receiving genetically complementary sperm. The genetic diversity hypothesis says that females mate polyandrously to increase the heterozygosity of either individual offspring or of the group of offspring produced in a single bout. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis says that in context of mating, females mate polyandrously to avoid inbreeding with their social partner. 5.) What are the 3 non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for direct benefits to females of

2 polyandry? The three non-mutually exclusive hypothesis for direct benefits to females of polyandry are (1) the additional resources hypothesis, (2) the additional care hypothesis, and (3) the infanticide hypothesis. The additional resources hypothesis says that females mate polyandrously to gain access to additional resources from their partner. The additional care hypothesis says that females mate polyandrously to gain more caregivers to help rear young. The infanticide reduction hypothesis says that females mate polyandrously to create greater uncertainty about the paternity of offspring in order to reduce the risk of infanticide. 6.)

List two species that show female-defense polygyny.

Two species that show female-defense polygyny include Cardiocondyla ants and bighorn sheep (Ovis candensis). 7.)

List two species that show resource-defense polygyny.

Two species that show resource-defense polygyny include Grevy’s zebra ( Equus grevyi) and African cichlid fish (Lamprologus callipterus). 8.)

What is a "Lek"?

A lek is a small territory occupied by a few males with the purpose of engaging in courtship displays. They do not contain food or sites for nesting, but they are often established in areas that are easily viewed by females or where females will have to pass through in order to obtain some resource (such as food) to increase the males’ chances of coming in contact with females.

9.) (2 points) Explain the difference between the "hotshot" and the "hotspot" hypotheses for lek formation. The hotshot hypothesis says that subordinate males cluster around highly attractive males to have a chance to interact with females drawn to these “hotshots.” The hotspot hypothesis for lek formation says that males cluster in places (hotspots) where the routes frequently traveled by receptive females intersect. The difference between these two is that in the hotspot hypothesis, males pick their lek location based off where females will be, whereas the hotshot hypothesis says that some males (subordinate ones) choose their lek location based on the location of other (more successful) males.

10.)

Give an example of a sex-role-reversed lekking species.

An example of sex-role reversed lekking species is the worm pipefish, Nerophis lumbriciformis.

11.) (2 points) Explain the difference between "polygynandry" and "promiscuity", as your

3 textbook defines them. (Note, by the way, that Dr. Burk thinks this is an invalid distinction, as will be explained in lecture.) Polygynandry takes place when matings involve pair-bonds between males and females. Promiscuity takes place when matings are random and there is no association between mates beyond sperm transfer. In other words, males and females are considered promiscuous when they do not form a pair-bond after copulation....