Chapter 11 - Exam practice questions PDF

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Chemistry: The Central Science, 14e (Brown, et al.) Chapter 11 Liquids and Intermolecular Forces 11.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Crystalline solids ________. A) have their particles arranged randomly B) have ordered structures C) are usually very soft D) exist only at high temperatures E) exist only at very low temperatures Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 2) In liquids, the attractive intermolecular forces are ________. A) very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules B) strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together C) strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points D) not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other E) strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past each other Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 3) As a gaseous element condenses, the atoms become ________ and they have ________ attraction for one another. A) more separated, more B) more separated, less C) closer together, more D) closer together, less E) larger, greater Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

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4) A gas is ________ and assumes ________ of its container, whereas a liquid is ________ and assumes ________ of its container. A) compressible, the volume and shape, not compressible, the shape of a portion B) compressible, the shape, not compressible, the volume and shape C) compressible, the volume and shape, compressible, the volume D) condensed, the volume and shape, condensed, the volume and shape E) condensed, the shape, compressible, the volume and shape Answer: A Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 5) Together, liquids and solids constitute ________ phases of matter. A) the compressible B) the fluid C) the condensed D) all of the E) the disordered Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 6) Which statement is true about liquids but not true about solids? A) They flow and are highly ordered. B) They are highly ordered and not compressible. C) They flow and are compressible. D) They assume both the volume and the shape of their containers. E) They flow and are not compressible. Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 7) The strongest interparticle attractions exist between particles of a ________, and the weakest interparticle attractions exist between particles of a ________. A) solid, liquid B) solid, gas C) liquid, gas D) liquid, solid E) gas, solid Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

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8) Which species has London dispersion forces as the only intermolecular force? A) CH3CH2OH B) Ar C) NH3 D) HBr E) H2O Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 9) Which molecule has hydrogen bonding as the predominant intermolecular force? A) CH4 B) C6H6 C) CH3OH D) CO2 E) C4H10 Answer: C Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 10) Which species has London dispersion forces as the only intermolecular force? A) KBr B) HI C) CH3OH D) CH3CH3 E) CH3F Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 11) When KBr dissolves in water, aqueous K+ and Br- ions result. The force of attraction that exists between K+ and H2O is called a(n) ________ interaction. A) dipole-dipole B) ion-dipole C) ion-ion D) London dispersion force E) hydrogen bonding Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 3 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

12) ________ are particularly polarizable. A) Small nonpolar molecules B) Small polar molecules C) Large nonpolar molecules D) Large polar molecules E) Large molecules, regardless of their polarity, Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.2 GO: G2 13) The ease with which the charge distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electrical field is called the ________. A) electronegativity B) hydrogen bonding C) polarizability D) volatility E) viscosity Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.2 GO: G2 14) The intermolecular force(s) responsible for the fact that CH4 has the lowest boiling point in the set CH4, CH3CH3, CH3CH2CH3, CH3CH2CH2CH3 is/are ________. A) hydrogen bonding B) London dispersion forces C) mainly hydrogen bonding but also dipole-dipole interactions D) dipole-dipole interactions E) mainly London-dispersion forces but also dipole-dipole interactions Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 15) Elemental iodine (I2) is a solid at room temperature. What is the major attractive force that exists among different I2 molecules in the solid? A) London dispersion forces B) dipole-dipole interactions C) ionic-dipole interactions D) covalent-ionic interactions E) dipole-dipole attractions Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 4 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

16) Hydrogen bonding is a special case of ________. A) London-dispersion forces B) ion-dipole attraction C) dipole-dipole attractions D) ion-ion interactions E) none of the above Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

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17) Which one of the following substances will have hydrogen bonding as one of its intermolecular forces? A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

Page Ref: Sec. 11.2

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18) Which one of the following substances will not have hydrogen bonding as one of its intermolecular forces? A)

B)

C)

D)

E)

Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

Page Ref: Sec. 11.2

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19) What intermolecular force is responsible for the fact that ice is less dense than liquid water? A) London dispersion forces B) dipole-dipole forces C) ion-dipole forces D) hydrogen bonding E) ionic bonding Answer: D Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 20) The predominant intermolecular force in water is ________. A) London dispersion forces B) hydrogen bonding C) ion-dipole forces D) dipole-dipole forces E) ionic bonding Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 21) Octane C8H18 molecules are held together by ________. A) ion-ion interactions B) hydrogen bonding C) ion-dipole interactions D) London dispersion forces E) dipole-dipole interactions Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 22) Which of the following molecules has hydrogen bonding as its only intermolecular force? A) HCl B) NH3 C) H2O D) CH3OH E) None, all of the above exhibit dispersion forces. Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

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23) Which of the following molecules has London Forces as its only intermolecular force? A) H2O B) CH3CH2NH2 C) HOCH2CH2OH D) CH3CH3 E) None, all of the above exhibit dispersion forces. Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 24) What types of intermolecular forces exist between CH3OH and H2O? A) dipole-dipole and ion-dipole B) dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding C) dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, and ion-dipole D) dispersion forces, hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole, and ion-dipole E) dispersion forces and ion-dipole Answer: B Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 25) What type(s) of intermolecular forces exist between Cl2 and CCl4? A) dispersion forces and ion-dipole B) dispersion forces and dipole-dipole C) dispersion forces D) dispersion forces, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole E) None. Since both are gases at room temperature, they do not interact with each other. Answer: C Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 26) What type(s) of intermolecular forces exist between NH3 and PO43-? A) dispersion forces B) dispersion forces, ion-dipole, and dipole-dipole C) dispersion forces and dipole-dipole D) dispersion forces and ion-dipole E) dispersion forces, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonds Answer: D Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2

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27) What types of intermolecular forces exist between NH3 and H2O? A) dispersion forces B) dispersion forces and hydrogen bonds C) dispersion forces and ion-dipole forces D) dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds E) dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds, and ion-dipole forces Answer: D Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 28) What types of intermolecular forces exist between water and HF? A) dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces B) dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds C) dispersion forces and hydrogen bonds D) dispersion forces E) dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds, and ion-dipole forces Answer: B Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.2 LO: 11.1 GO: G2 29) ________ is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area. A) Viscosity B) Surface tension C) Volatility D) Meniscus E) Capillary action Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.3 LO: 11.3 GO: G2

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30) Which statements about viscosity are true? (i) Viscosity increases as temperature decreases. (ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases. (iii) Viscosity increases as intermolecular forces increase. A) (i) only B) (ii) and (iii) C) (i) and (iii) D) none E) all Answer: E Diff: 3 Var: 1 LO: 11.3 GO: G2

Page Ref: Sec. 11.3

31) The shape of a liquid's meniscus is determined by ________. A) the viscosity of the liquid B) the type of material the container is made of C) the relative magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and its container D) the amount of hydrogen bonding in the liquid E) the volume of the liquid Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.3 LO: 11.3 GO: G2 32) Viscosity is ________. A) the "skin" on a liquid surface caused by intermolecular attraction B) the resistance to flow C) the same as density D) inversely proportional to molar mass E) unaffected by temperature Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.3 LO: 11.3 GO: G2

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33) How high a liquid will rise up a narrow tube as a result of capillary action depends on ________. A) the magnitudes of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube, and gravity B) gravity alone C) only the magnitude of adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube D) the viscosity of the liquid E) only the magnitude of cohesive forces in the liquid Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.3 LO: 11.3 GO: G2 34) The property responsible for the "beading up" of water is ________. A) density B) viscosity C) vapor pressure D) surface tension E) hydrogen bonding Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.3 LO: 11.3 GO: G2 35) Heat of sublimation can be approximated by adding together ________ and ________. A) heat of fusion, heat of condensation B) heat of fusion, heat of vaporization C) heat of freezing (solidification), heat of condensation D) heat of freezing (solidification), heat of vaporization E) heat of deposition, heat of vaporization Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2

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36) Which of the following statements is false? A) The absolute value of the heat of sublimation is equal to the absolute value of the heat of deposition. B) The heat of sublimation is equal to the sum of the heat of vaporization and the heat of deposition. C) The heat of sublimation is equal to the sum of the heat of vaporization and the heat of freezing. D) The absolute value of the heat of sublimation is equal to the absolute value of the sum of the heat of condensation and the heat of freezing. E) The absolute value of the heat of deposition is equal to sum of the absolute value of the heat of vaporization and the absolute value of the heat of freezing. Answer: C Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2

37) The ________ (is)are associated with the heat energy being used up to increase distances between molecules. A) phase change B → C B) phase changes B → C and D → E C) phase change D → E D) phase change B → E E) phase change C → E Answer: B Diff: 3 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.5 GO: G3

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38) Based on the following information, which compound has the strongest intermolecular forces? Substance Argon (Ar) Benzene (C6H6) Ethanol (C2H5OH) Water (H2O) Methane (CH4) A) Argon B) Benzene C) Ethanol D) Water E) Methane Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 LO: 11.4 GO: G3

ΔHvap (kJ/mol) 6.3 31.0 39.3 40.8 9.2

Page Ref: Sec. 11.4

39) Which compound has the strongest intermolecular forces? A) CCl4 B) CI4 C) CH4 D) H2 E) O2 Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2 40) Large intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by ________. A) low vapor pressure B) high boiling point C) high heats of fusion and vaporization D) high critical temperatures and pressures E) all of the above Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2

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41) A supercritical fluid can expand like a ________ to fill a container and has a density similar to that of a ________ so can behave as a solvent. A) gas, plasma B) gas, solid C) solid, gas D) liquid, gas E) gas, liquid Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2 42) The critical temperature and pressure of CS2 are 279 °C and 78 atm, respectively. A supercritical fluid can only exist at a temperature ________ 279 °C and pressure ________ 78 atm. A) exactly, exactly B) above, below C) above, above D) below, above E) below, below Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2 43) The substance with the largest heat of vaporization is ________. A) H2 B) Cl2 C) I2 D) N2 E) O2 Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2 44) Of the following, ________ is an exothermic process. A) melting B) subliming C) freezing D) boiling E) All of the above are exothermic. Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.4 LO: 11.4 GO: G2 15 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

45) Of the following, ________ should have the highest critical temperature. A) CBr4 B) CCl4 C) CF4 D) CH4 E) H2 Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 46) A volatile liquid is one that ________. A) is highly flammable B) is highly viscous C) is highly hydrogen-bonded D) is highly cohesive E) readily evaporates Answer: E Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 47) In general, the vapor pressure of a substance increases as ________ increases. A) surface tension B) molecular weight C) hydrogen bonding D) viscosity E) temperature Answer: E Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 48) The vapor pressure of any substance at its normal boiling point is ________. A) 1 Pa B) 1 torr C) 1 atm D) equal to atmospheric pressure E) equal to the vapor pressure of water Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2

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49) Volatility and vapor pressure are ________. A) inversely proportional to one another B) directly proportional to one another C) not related D) the same thing E) both independent of temperature Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 50) Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because ________. A) water boils at a lower temperature at high altitude than at low altitude B) water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude C) heat isn't conducted as well in low density air D) natural gas flames don't burn as hot at high altitudes E) there is a higher moisture content in the air at high altitude Answer: A Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 51) The vapor pressure of a liquid ________. A) increases linearly with increasing temperature B) increases nonlinearly with increasing temperature C) decreases linearly with increasing temperature D) decreases nonlinearly with increasing temperature E) is totally unrelated to its molecular structure Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.5 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 52) -

is the slope of a plot of the natural log of the vapor pressure of a substance versus

________. A) -1/T B) -T C) 1/T D) T E) 2T Answer: C Diff: 4 Var: 1 LO: 11.6 GO: G2

Page Ref: Sec. 11.5

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53) On a phase diagram, the critical pressure is ________. A) the pressure required to melt a solid B) the pressure below which a substance is a solid at all temperatures C) the pressure above which a substance is a liquid at all temperatures D) the pressure at which a liquid changes to a gas E) the pressure required to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.6 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 54) On a phase diagram, the critical temperature is ________. A) the temperature below which a gas cannot be liquefied B) the temperature above which a gas cannot be liquefied C) the temperature at which all three states are in equilibrium D) the temperature required to melt a solid E) the temperature required to cause sublimation of a solid Answer: B Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.6 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 55) On a phase diagram, the melting point is the same as ________. A) the triple point B) the critical point C) the freezing point D) the boiling point E) the vapor-pressure curve Answer: C Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.6 LO: 11.6 GO: G2 56) When the phase diagram for a substance has a solid-liquid phase boundary line that has a ________ slope, the substance can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure. A) positive B) zero C) y = 1 D) negative E) y = 0 Answer: D Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.6 LO: 11.7 GO: G2

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57) The predominant intramolecular force in CaBr2 is ________. A) London-dispersion forces B) ion-dipole forces C) ionic bonding D) dipole-dipole forces E) hydrogen bonding Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.7 LO: 11.8 GO: G2 58) Which of the following is most likely to exhibit liquid-crystalline behavior? A) CH3CH2-C(CH3)2-CH2CH3 B) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 C) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2D)

E)

Answer: E Diff: 2 Var: 1 LO: 11.8 GO: G2

Page Ref: Sec. 11.7

59) All of the following are characteristics of liquid crystal behavior except ________. A) long axial structure B) carbon-carbon single bonds C) double bonding D) ionic configuration E) polar groups Answer: D Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.7 LO: 11.8 GO: G2

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60) In the ________ liquid-crystalline phase,the molecules are arranged in sheets, with their long axes parallel and their ends aligned as well. A) smectic B B) smectic C C) smectic A D) smectic E E) smectic D Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.7 LO: 11.8 GO: G2 61) In the ________ liquid crystalline phase, the component molecules exhibit ________ dimensional ordering. A) nematic, one B) smectic A, one C) nematic, two D) nematic, three E) smectic B, one Answer: A Diff: 5 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.7 LO: 11.8 GO: G2 62) What are the common types of smectic liquid-crystalline phases? A) A, C, and D B) A only C) A and C D) A and D E) C and D Answer: C Diff: 2 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.7 LO: 11.8 GO: G2 63) ________ liquid crystals are colored because the molecular layers are arranged in slightly twisted planes with respect to one another. A) smectic B B) cholesteric C) smectic A D) smectic C E) smectic D Answer: B Diff: 1 Var: 1 Page Ref: Sec. 11.7 LO: 11.8 GO: G2 20 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

64) Molecule...