Chapter 14 study guide PDF

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CHAPTER 14 Coral Reefs Definitions – be able to define and recognize an example of the following: Hermatypic coral

cyanobacteria

Ahermatypic coral

Polyp

Zooxanthellae

Nematocyst

Mesenterial filaments

Planula

Bleaching Comparison/Give examples Compare hermatypic and ahermatypic corals? Which would you find in shallow water and why are they found in shallow water (what do they have that requires access to sunlight?)? Corals are very sensitive. What are some of the important characteristics of the environment they need to survive (i.e. light for zooxanthellae, temperature, etc.) Where do you find taller, more branching corals in terms of water depth and where do you find flatter forms of coral? Why are the tall ones where they are and what is probably the reason the flatter ones are where they are? What are some ways in which corals compete with one another on the reef? General concepts What is the relationship between coral stress and coral bleaching? What can cause coral stress (there are many things)? Coral reefs have low primary production. What is the cause of this? (hint: it’s nutrients because corals typically live far from the mouths of rivers and do not have large amounts of primary production) How do corals benefit from zooxanthellae? What products do they get from the zooxanthellae? What does the zooxanthellae obtain from the coral the polyps respire? Aside from assistance from the zooxanthellae, how do corals feed? Where are most coral reefs found on the planet in terms of temperatures? How do corals reproduce? Do they reproduce sexually, asexually, or both? When do they reproduce sexually and when do they reproduce asexually? Remember, the growth of one polyp into many polyps on a reef is asexual reproduction. What are the benefits of sexual reproduction? Something that will definitely be on the exam: How do the different species on a coral reef coexist which such high levels of competition? (hint: each species has its own well-defined ecological niche)...