Chapter 17 - Lectures will provide an overview of functional anatomy at all levels, from PDF

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Lectures will provide an overview of functional anatomy at all levels, from the systems to the tissues. The goal is to provide a mechanistic understanding of the different structures in our body as a foundation for human-health oriented studies....

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Chapter: Chapter 17 Multiple Choice 1. Olfactory receptors are found A) throughout the nasal cavity. B) only in the superior portion of the nasal cavity. C) only in the inferior portion of the nasal cavity. D) from the vestibule to the pharynx. E) only in the mid-nasal ridges. 2. The smell receptors that actually bind the odorants and begin signal transduction are located on A) olfactory hairs. B) glial cells. C) basal stem cells. D) Bowman's glands. E) gustatory receptor cells. 3. These cells provide physical support, nourishment and electrical insulation for olfactory receptors cells. A) Dendritic cells B) Glial cells C) Basal stem cells D) Bowman's glands E) Supporting cells 4. Adaptation of the olfactory sense to the continued presentation of an odorant A) occurs rapidly. B) increases sensitivity to that odorant. C) occurs slowly. D) does not occur. E) enhances gustation. 5. The olfactory tract A) projects directly to the primary olfactory cortex and to the limbic system and hypothalamus. B) conducts impulses directly to the thalamus. C) contains only motor neurons. D) receives information from the taste buds. E) consists of the olfactory and vestibulocochlear nerves. 6. These receptor cells provide for the sense of taste. A) Olfactory hair cells B) Pacinian corpuscles C) Basal stem cells D) Hair cells E) Gustatory cells

7. Taste buds are found on A) the epiglottis. B) the pharynx. C) the soft palate. D) both epiglottis and pharynx. E) All of these choices 8. Which of the following types of papillae do NOT contain taste buds? A) Vallate B) Fungiform C) Foliate D) Filiform E) Circumvallate 9. Which of the following nerves conducts impulses associated with the sense of gustation? A) Vestibulocochlear B) Oculomotor C) Vagus D) Trigeminal E) Spinal accessory 10. Which is NOT considered an accessory structure of the eye? A) Eyelids B) Eyelashes C) Lacrimal apparatus D) Eyebrows E) Retina 11. Which of the following is the space between the upper and lower eyelids? A) Palpebral fissure B) Levator palpebrae C) Lacrimal caruncle D) Lateral commissure E) Conjunctiva 12. This is a thin mucous membrane that protects the inner aspect of the eyelids and the portion of the sclera covering the anterior surface of the eyeball. A) Palpebral fissure B) Conjunctiva C) Lateral commissure D) Cornea E) Choroid 13. Infection of a sebaceous ciliary gland can result in A) blood shot eyes. B) inhibition of tear production.

C) a sty. D) glaucoma. E) blindness. Essay 14. List the cells, structures, and fluids that light must pass through to reach the photoreceptor cells. Ans: Cornea, Aqueous humor, Pupil, Lens, Vitreous humor, Ganglion cells, Bipolar cells, Photoreceptor cells. Multiple Choice 15. Which is the correct order in the flow of tears? A) Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity B) Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity C) Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasal cavity D) Lacrimal gland, lacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, nasal cavity E) Lacrimal gland, lacrimal sac, nasolacrimal duct, superior or inferior lacrimal canal, lacrimal duct, nasal cavity Ans: D Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

16. How many extrinsic eye muscles are responsible for moving each eye? A) 10 B) 12 C) 6 D) 4 E) 20 Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and

those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

17. This is the transparent layer on the anterior of the eyeball through which the iris can be observed. A) Retina B) Choroid C) Sclera D) Ciliary body E) Cornea Ans: E Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

18. The main function of this structure is to regulate the amount of light entering the eyeball through the pupil. A) Retina B) Cornea C) Iris D) Choroid E) Ciliary muscle Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

19. The lens is made of layers of proteins called A) choroids. B) ciliary bodies. C) crystallins. D) cones. E) rods. Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

20. This lies between the lens and the retina. A) Vitreous chamber B) Anterior chamber C) Anterior cavity D) Cornea E) Aqueous humor Ans: A Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

21. This outer layer of dense connective tissue serves to protect the inner parts of the eyeball. A) Sclera B) Pupil C) Iris D) Cornea E) Retina Ans: A Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and

those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

22. This darkly pigmented structure reduces light reflection within the eyeball. A) Sclera B) Conjunctiva C) Iris D) Choroid E) Retina Ans: D Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

23. Which of the types of receptors listed below is primarily used for detecting light rays under bright light conditions? A) olfactory hair cells B) rods C) cones D) ganglion neurons E) amacrine cells Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.3 Describe the processing of visual signals in the retina and the neural pathway for vision. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

24. The first step in the visual transduction process that occurs in the retina is

A) B) C) D) E)

activation of amacrine cells. absorption of scattered light by the pigmented epithelium. interruption of the dark current. absorption of light by photopigments. generation of action potentials in the optic nerve.

Ans: D Difficulty: Hard Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.3 Describe the processing of visual signals in the retina and the neural pathway for vision. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

25. Binocular vision A) gives better depth perception. B) provides more accurate color vision. C) is only seen in humans. D) occurs when one eye focuses on two separate objects. E) is all of these choices Ans: A Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.2 Discuss image formation by describing refraction, accommodation, and constriction of the pupil. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

26. When sound waves strike this structure, they cause it to vibrate back and forth. A) cochlea B) pinna C) tympanic membrane D) organ of Corti E) vestibulocochlear nerve Ans: C Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways.

Learning Objective 2: 17.4.2 List the major events in the physiology of hearing. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

27. Which of the structures listed below converts vibrations in the endolymph into action potentials? A) macula B) pinna C) tympanic membrane D) organ of Corti E) cupula Ans: D Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objective 2: 17.4.2 List the major events in the physiology of hearing. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

28. Which of the following structures carries action potentials generated by sound transduction? A) vagus nerve B) basilar membrane C) tympanic membrane D) organ of Corti E) vestibulocochlear nerve Ans: E Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objective 2: 17.4.2 List the major events in the physiology of hearing. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

29. Which of the following structures senses change in rotational acceleration of the head in order to help maintain dynamic equilibrium? A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) maculae of the vestibule

D) organ of Corti E) vestibulocochlear nerve Ans: B Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objective 2: 17.4.4 Describe the auditory and equilibrium pathways. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

Reference: Ref 17-1

30. Which of the labeled papilla houses 100ñ300 taste buds each? A) A B) B

C) C D) D E) Both A and D Ans: A Refer To: Ref 17-1 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.2 Describe the structure of gustatory receptors and the neural pathway for gustation. Section Reference 1: 17.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste

31. Which of the labeled papilla have taste buds that degenerate in early childhood? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) Both B and C Ans: D Refer To: Ref 17-1 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.2 Describe the structure of gustatory receptors and the neural pathway for gustation. Section Reference 1: 17.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste

32. Which of the labeled papilla are mushroom-shaped elevations that can contain about five taste buds each? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) All of these choices Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-1 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.2 Describe the structure of gustatory receptors and the neural pathway for gustation.

Section Reference 1: 17.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste

Reference: Ref 17-2

33. This is a thin protective mucous membrane composed of stratified squamous epithelium with numerous goblet cells. A) A and B B) B and D C) C and A D) D and C E) B and E Ans: A

Refer To: Ref 17-2 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

34. This secretes a fluid that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other. A) D B) E C) F D) G E) None of these choices Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-2 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

35. Where is the lacrimal caruncle? A) A B) B C) C D) F E) None of these choices Ans: E Refer To: Ref 17-2 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

36. Where is the optic nerve? A) C B) D C) E D) F E) None of these choices Ans: D Refer To: Ref 17-2 Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

Reference: Ref 17-3

37. Where is the choroid? A) F B) E C) D D) G E) H Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-3 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

38. Where is the sclera? A) F B) E C) D D) G E) H Ans: C Refer To: Ref 17-3 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

39. What contains aqueous humor? A) A B) G C) H D) F E) D Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-3 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

40. Where is the ciliary body? A) A B) B C) C D) H E) F Ans: D

Refer To: Ref 17-3 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

41. Which labeled structure is the blind spot of the eye? A) A B) B C) C D) G E) H Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-3 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

Reference: Ref 17-4

42. Where is the bipolar cell layer? A) A B) B C) C D) D Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-4 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

43. Where is the ganglion cell layer? A) A B) B C) C D) D Ans: D Refer To: Ref 17-4 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

44. Where is the outer synaptic layer? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) All of these choices Ans: A Refer To: Ref 17-4 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.1 List and describe the accessory structures of the eye and the structural components of the eyeball. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

Reference: Ref 17-5

45. Which figure illustrates farsightedness before it has been corrected? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Ans: D Refer To: Ref 17-5 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.2 Discuss image formation by describing refraction, accommodation, and constriction of the pupil. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

46. Which figure illustrates nearsightedness before it has been corrected? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) E Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-5 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.2 Discuss image formation by describing refraction, accommodation, and constriction of the pupil. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

Reference: Ref 17-6

47. Which labeled step(s) represents regeneration of active photopigment? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) Both 1 and 3 Ans: D Refer To: Ref 17-6 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.3 Describe the processing of visual signals in the retina and the neural pathway for vision. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

48. Which labeled step(s) represents bleaching of the photopigment? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) Both 2 and 4 Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-6 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.3 Describe the structural and functional components of the eye and those of the vision pathway. Learning Objective 2: 17.3.3 Describe the processing of visual signals in the retina and the neural pathway for vision. Section Reference 1: 17.3 Vision

Reference: Ref 17-7

49. Where is the internal auditory canal? A) C B) D C) E D) F E) H Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-7 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objective 2: 17.4.1 Describe the anatomy of the structures in the three main regions of the ear. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

50. This structure is a thin semi-transparent partition between the external auditory canal and the middle ear. A) K B) G C) J D) F E) E Ans: A Refer To: Ref 17-7 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objective 2: 17.4.1 Describe the anatomy of the structures in the three main regions of the ear. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

51. These are the auditory ossicles. A) A, B, C B) A, C, G C) A, B, J D) J, C, G E) C, D, G Ans: C Refer To: Ref 17-7 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objective 2: 17.4.1 Describe the anatomy of the structures in the three main regions of the ear. Section Reference 1: 17.4 Hearing and Equilibrium

52. This portion of the inner ear is divided into three channels. A) C B) G C) H D) J E) None of these choices

Ans: B Refer To: Ref 17-7 Difficulty: Medium Learning Objective 1: 17.4 Describe the structural and functional components of the ear and those of the hearing and equilibrium pathways. Learning Objectiv...