Chapter 2 PDF

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Chapter 2 Communication and Personal Identity The Self What is the self? • A multidimensional process of internalizing and • acting from social perspectives • How we see ourselves depends on the culture in • which we live. • Arises in communication with others • Perspective of particular others • Perspective of the generalized other Particular Others • Particular others are specific people who are significant to us, such as family and friends • Direct definition • Reflected appraisal • Self-fulfilling prophecies • Identity scripts • Attachment styles Attachment Styles • Patterns of caregiving that teach us who we and others are and how to approach relationships • Secure • Fearful • Dismissive • Anxious/ambivalent The Generalized Other • The views generally held by others in society. Important categories influencing identity include: • Race • Gender • Sexual orientation • Socioeconomic class How Are Perspectives of the Generalized Other Revealed to Us? • We learn them as we interact with others, who have internalized cultural values and

pass them on to us • We learn them through media and institutions that reflect cultural values • The institutions that organize our society communicate the views of the Generalized Other by the values they uphold/reinforce. Other Perspectives of Self • The self is multidimensional • The self is a process • Social perspectives are subject to change ▪ Socially constructed views ▪ Variable social views Presenting & Negotiating the Self Goffman identified two important social concepts regarding identity: • Face—impression we want others to have of us • Impression Management—how we persuade others to see us as we want to be seen. Social Media and Personal Identity • Provides direct definitions and reflected appraisals • Cyberbullying • Sources for social comparison Guidelines for Improving Self-Concept • Make a firm commitment to personal growth • Gain and use knowledge to support personal growth • You need to understand how your self-concept is formed • You need information about yourself ◦ Self-disclosure Johari Window • Open area • Blind area • Hidden area • Unknown area...