Chapter 26 The Urinary System 7 PDF

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Chapter 26 The Urinary System 7...

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Chapter 26: The Urinary System Anatomy of the Kidneys: • The paired kidneys are retroperitoneal organs o Reddish in color o Kidney-bean shaped o Protected by 11th and 12th rib o Right one is lower then left becauseoccupies so much space on the right side superior to the kidney External Anatomy of the Kidneys: • region through which the ureter leaves and blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit • Three layers of tissue surround each kidney 1. Renal capsule = transparent membrane maintains organ shape, it is continuous with the ureter and serves as a barrier for protection. 2. capsule that helps protect from trauma 3. Renal fascia = dense, irregular connective tissue that holds against back body wall Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys: • Parenchyma of kidney • Renal cortex = superficial layer of kidney • Renal medulla o Inner portion consisting of 8-18 cone-shaped renal separated by renal columns → renal lobes o Renal point toward center of kidney • Drainage system fills renal sinus cavity o Cuplike structurecollect urine from the papillary ducts of the papilla

Label the diagram with the following: renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pyramids, renal columns, renal lobe, renal papilla, minor calyx, major calyx, nephron, collecting duct, renal pelvis, ureter The Urinary System 3 o Minor & major calyces empty into the renal which empties into the ureter Blood and Nerve Supply of the Kidneys: • Abundantly supplied with blood vessels – 20-25% of cardiac output o Normal adult average = ~ 1 L/min • Blood enters through the renal artery and exits via the renal vein • Three capillary beds: 1. capillaries where filtration of blood occurs o Between the afferent and efferent 2. capillaries → Cortex 3. → Medulla o These two beds carry away reabsorbed substances from the filtrate • Nerves that supply the kidneys are the renal nerves (vasomotor) Place the following vessels in the correct order for blood flow into/out of the kidneys: peritubular capillaries, glomerular capillaries, cortical radiate veins, renal artery, efferent arterioles, renal vein, afferent arterioles, vasa recta, cortical radiate arteries The Nephron: • Functional unit of the kidney • Over 1 million per kidney → 145 km! • Present at birth, grow with age but no new ones form (terminally differentiated) • Perform 3 functions o Filtration,secretion

• Consists of 2 major parts o Renal – Filters blood o Renal – Space into which the filtrate passes • Renal corpuscle - site of plasma filtration o Glomerulus The Urinary System 4 o Glomerular (Bowman’s) is double-walled epithelial cup that collects filtrate • Renal tubule - passage of filtrates Describe the path of the glomerular filtrates from the glomerular capsule to the ureter....