Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues PDF

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Assignment 3: Cells and Tissues 1. Define ‘cell’ and ‘organelle’. a. Cell – The basic biological unit of living organisms b. Organelle – Specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions 2. Name the six ‘cellular organelles’. And a brief description of their function. a. Nucleus i. “Control center” of the cell; cell metabolism and reproduction b. Ribosomes i. Protein factory of the cell; actual sites of protein synthesis c. Endoplasmic reticulum i. Provides a network of channels for carrying substances from one part of the cell to another d. Golgi apparatus i. “Traffic director” for cellular proteins e. Mitochondria i. Transform molecules like glucose into an energy molecule (ATP) f. Chloroplasts 3. Define mitosis. Why is it important? a. Mitosis – Process of dividing a nucleus i. Helps in production of identical copies of cells and repairs tissues and replacing worn out cells 4. How do chromosomes relate to chromatin? a. Chromatin makes up the genetic material containing chromosomes, that are dense and rod-like bodies 5. Why can an organ be permanently damaged if its cells are amitotic? a. Organ cells can increase too much and would not function properly 6. Define tissue and list the four major types. a. Tissue- Groups of cells that are similar in structure and function i. Epithelial ii. Connective – most abundant iii. Muscle iv. Nervous 7. Name a connective tissue with (a) a soft fluid matrix, and (b) a stony hard matrix. a. Soft fluid matrix – Blood b. Stony hard matrix – Bone 8. What is the function of muscle tissue?

a. Muscle tissues contract which causes movement 9. How does tissue healing by fibrosis differ from healing by regeneration? Which is more desirable? a. Regeneration – Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells; more desirable b. Fibrosis – Repair by dense connective tissue 10. Define atrophy. a. Atrophy – Decrease in size or wasting away of an organ or cell due to lack of use or disease...