Chapter 3 System Design PDF

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Chapter 3 System Design...

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1. The three legs of a project triangle are _____, scope, and time. a. b. c. d.

requirements resources environment cost

2. A _____ negotiates with users who might have conflicting requirements or want changes that

would require additional time or expense. a. b. c. d.

project manager project reporter software tester software developer

3. Project planning, an activity of a project manager, _____. a. involves requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating the a project team’s

workload b. includes monitoring the progress of the a project, evaluating results, and taking corrective action when necessary to stay on target c. focuses on long-term challenges and goals, the importance of stakeholders, and a commitment to the firm’s role as a corporate citizenconsists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members d. includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

4. Project scheduling, an activity of a project manager, _____. a. requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating a project team’s workload b. includes monitoring the progress of a project, evaluating results, and taking

corrective action when necessary to stay on target c. involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members d. includes budgeting a project based on the number of modules and their complexity in a project

5. Project monitoring, an activity of a project manager, _____. a. requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating a project team’s workload b. involves the creation of a specific timetable, usually in the form of charts that show

tasks, task dependencies, and critical tasks that might delay a project c. consists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members d. includes identifying and arranging project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

6. Project reporting, an activity of a project manager, _____. a. involves the creation of a specific timetable, usually in the form of charts that show

tasks, task dependencies, and critical tasks that might delay a project b. includes informing management, users, and the project team about the progress of a project c. consists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members d. includes identifying and arranging project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

7. Effective project reporting requires _____.

a. b. c. d.

strong communication skills strong intervention skills strong negotiation skills strong leadership skills

8. A _____ involves breaking a project down into a series of smaller tasks. a. b. c. d.

work breakdown structure (WBS) value breakdown structure (VBS) risk breakdown structure (RBS) concept breakdown structure (CBS)

9.

A task that represents several activities is known as a _____.

a. b. c. d.

task group task name task review task ID

10. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) is a _____ technique because it analyzes a

large, complex project as a series of individual tasks. a. b. c. d.

top-down bottom-up three-point estimate six-point estimate

11. The first step in the creation of a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical

Path Method (CPM) chart is to _____. a. b. c. d.

the graphical planning aids to use determine the logical order of project tasks identify determine the status of all tasks identify all the project tasks

12. Using a(n) _____, a project manager can convert task start and finish times to actual dates

by laying out the entire project on a calendar. a. b. c. d.

XY chart Pedigree chart Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) chart Scatter chart

13. A _____ chart displays complex task patterns and relationships. a. b. c. d.

Gantt Pareto Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) Scatter

14. The first step in creating a work breakdown structure (WBS) is to _____. a. b. c. d.

mark all recognizable events determine time requirements list all tasks estimate task completion time and cost

15. A(n) _____ is any work that has a beginning and an end and requires the use of company

resources such as people, time, or money. a. b. c. d.

benchmark activity milestone breakthrough

16. A(n) _____ is a recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress. a. b. c. d.

event notification alert task

17. A _____ represents the work that one person can complete in one day. a. b. c. d.

person-day work-day work-duration person-work

18. The _____ is the most pessimistic outcome of a task. a. b. c. d.

best-case estimate (B) probable-case estimate (P) worst-case estimate (W) dominant-case estimate (D)

19. A(n) _____ is a condition, restriction, or requirement that the system must satisfy. a. b. c. d.

constraint index milestone viewport

20. A _____ might involve maximums for one or more resources, such as time, dollars, or

people. a. successor task b. constraint

c. task ID d. milestone

21. A _____ cannot be started until a previous task is completed. a. b. c. d.

dependent task predecessor task precursor task concurrent task

22. Two or more _____ depend on a predecessor task. a. b. c. d.

dependent tasks concurrent tasks ancestor tasks precursor tasks

23. When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) _____ task. a. b. c. d.

model asynchronous baseline concurrent

24. Two or more concurrent tasks often depend on a single prior task, which is called a _____. a. b. c. d.

predecessor task wireframe task beneficiary task discrete task

25. When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, each of the concurrent

tasks is called a(n) _____. a. b. c. d.

successor task discrete task antecedent task descendent task

26. A(n) _____ is a series of tasks that, if delayed, would affect the completion date of the

overall project.

a. b. c. d.

critical path dynamic path absolute path relative path

27. Project managers always must be aware of the _____, so they can monitor the vital tasks

and keep a project on track. a. b. c. d.

absolute path relative path critical path dynamic path

28. A _____ is a series of events and activities with no slack time. a. b. c. d.

risk path foundation path baseline path critical path

29. A _____ is a review of a project team member’s work by other members of a team. a. b. c. d.

critical walk-through foundational walk-through baseline walk-through structured walk-through

30. When maintaining schedules, if enough _____ and frequent checkpoints exist, problems

will be detected rapidly. a. b. c. d.

activity diagrams milestones data flow diagrams viewports

31. _____ give team members of a project an opportunity to share information, discuss common

problems, and explain new techniques. a. b. c. d.

Board meetings Project status meetings Project review reports Status reports

32. _____ give the project managers an opportunity to seek input and conduct brainstorming

sessions. a. b. c. d.

Status reports Project review reports Project status meetings Board meetings

33. _____ is a full-featured program that holds the dominant share of the project management

software market. a. b. c. d.

Apptivo GanttProject Microsoft Project Gantter

34. A _____ consists of horizontal bars, connected with arrows that indicate task dependencies. a. b. c. d.

Gantt chart viewport Scatter chart wireframe

35. A _____ displays the same information as the Gantt chart, including task dependencies, but

uses task boxes to include much more detail. a. semantic wireframe b. mesh topology c. ring topology d. network diagram

36. _____, a free cloud-based project management tool, runs in a browser window, so there is

no software to install to use it. a. b. c. d.

Apptivo Smartsheet Microsoft Project Gantter

37. A(n) _____ is an event that could affect a project negatively.

a. b. c. d.

issue webinar uncertainty risk

38. A _____ includes a review of a project’s scope, stakeholders, budget, schedule, and any

other internal or external factors that might affect the project. a. b. c. d.

change management plan configuration management plan debt management plan risk management plan

39. _____ lists each risk and assesses the likelihood that it could affect a project. a. b. c. d.

Risk averting Risk dominance Risk identification Risk analytics

40. A _____ is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it. a. b. c. d.

risk identification plan risk response plan risk balance plan risk management plan

41. A continuous risk-tracking process can _____. a. b. c. d.

notice changes in existing risks revert reported risks prevent human resource turnover issues prevent new issues

42. Microsoft claims that the Microsoft Project software can _____. a. b. c. d.

link risks with specific vendors link risks with specific tasks and projects eliminate risks prevent risks

43. _____ can involve a modeling process called what-if analysis, which allows a project

manager to vary one or more element(s) in a model to measure the effect on other elements. a. b. c. d.

Qualitative risk analysis Quantitative risk analysis Resource list analysis Trigger analysis

44. Microsoft’s risk management model includes _____, which specifies the risk type. a. b. c. d.

category description trigger probability

45. Microsoft’s risk management model includes _____, which represents the likelihood that

the risk will happen. a. b. c. d.

category probability trigger description

46. _____, a human resource issue, is a possible cause of cost overruns in an organization. a. b. c. d.

Inadequate training Inaccurate demand forecast Poor monitoring of progress Unrealistic estimates

47. When a project manager first recognizes that a project is in trouble, one of the options

available to the manager includes _____. a. b. c. d.

delaying the project deadline expanding the project requirements reducing the project resources eliminating controls and procedures

48. Adding more people to a project actually might increase the time necessary to complete the

project because of a principle called _____. a. Brooks’ Law b. Bernoulli’s Law

c. Hooke’s Law d. Moody’s Law

49. Project managers typically perform the tasks of _____. a. b. c. d.

project planning project scheduling project monitoring project testing

50. The _____ are time estimates made by project managers for a task. a. b. c. d.

best-case estimate worst-case estimate dominant-case estimate probable-case estimate

51. Structured walk-throughs take place throughout the SDLC and are called _____ reviews,

depending on the phase in which they occur. a. b. c. d.

technical design code testing

52. Critical time is the amount of time that a task could be late without pushing back the completion date of an entire project. a. True b. False

53. Quantitative risk analysis evaluates each risk by estimating the probability that it will occur and the degree of impact. a. True b. False

54. The purpose of quantitative risk analysis is to understand the actual impact of a risk in terms of dollars, time, project scope, or quality. a. True b. False

55. System developers can initiate a formal project as early as the preliminary investigation stage, or later on, as analysis, design, and implementation activities occur. a. True b. False

56. Using a work breakdown structure (WBS) allows one to manage a project as one large task. a. True b. False

57. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) and Gantt charts are mutually exclusive techniques. a. True b. False

58. In most systems analysis tasks, time and people are interchangeable. a. True b. False

59. The prior experience method to make time and cost estimates works best for large projects. a. True b. False

60. In a Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)/Critical Path Method (CPM) chart, each rectangular box, called a task box, has five sections that contain important information about a task. a. True b. False

61. When tasks must be completed one after another, they are called concurrent tasks. a. True b. False

62. If any task along a critical path falls behind schedule, the entire project will be delayed.

a. True b. False

63. Generally, systems analysts review the work of other systems analysts, and programmers review the work of other programmers, as a form of peer review, in structured walk-throughs. a. True b. False

64. If team members lack experience with certain aspects of the required technology, temporary help might be obtained from IT consultants or part-time staff. a. True b. False

65. Identify the letters of the choices that best match the phrases or definitions. 1. Usually a senior systems analyst or an IT department manager, if the project is large 2. A condition, restriction, or requirement that a system must satisfy 3. The process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, and reporting on the development of an information system 4. Handles the administrative responsibilities for a development team 5. An important value assigned to an estimate 6. Developed by the U.S. Navy to manage very complex projects 7. Tasks that must be completed one after another 8. A recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress and manage a project 9. Defines the tasks that can start at the same time 10. Tasks that must be completed before another task can start. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.

Weight Milestone Concurrent tasks Project leader Project coordinator Constraint Project management dependent Predecessor tasks

Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

66. Briefly explain the tasks performed by a project manager.

67. Define risk and give a basic list of risk management steps.

68. Critical Thinking Questions

Mauricio, a project manager at a reputed firm, has been assigned to handle a new project that the firm has received. This project involves a lot of scheduling that has to be handled by Mauricio. Mauricio estimates that the first module of the project could be completed in as few as 15 days or could take as many as 25 days, but most likely will require 20 days. Determine the expected task duration. a. b. c. d.

22.5 17.5 20 25

69. Critical Thinking Questions

Mauricio, a project manager at a reputed firm, has been assigned to handle a new project that the firm has received. This project involves a lot of scheduling that has to be handled by Mauricio. Mauricio has decided to use a project management tool for this project. He wants the tool to be free and cloud-based so that there is no need for software to be installed. Help Mauricio in identifying the project management tool that best fits the purpose. a. b. c. d.

Apptivo Smartsheet Microsoft Project Gantter

Answers: 1.

d.

2.

d.

3.

d.

4.

c.

5.

a.

6.

b.

7.

a.

8.

a.

9.

a.

10.

b.

11.

d.

12.

c.

13.

c.

14.

c.

15.

c.

16.

a.

17.

a.

18.

c.

19.

a.

20.

b.

21.

a.

22.

b.

23.

d.

24.

a.

25.

a.

26.

a.

27.

c.

28.

d.

29.

d.

30.

b.

31.

b.

32.

c.

33.

c.

34.

a.

35.

d.

36.

d.

37.

d.

38.

d.

39.

c.

40.

b.

41.

a.

42.

b.

43.

b.

44.

a.

45.

b.

46.

a.

47.

a.

48.

a.

49.

a. b. c.

50.

a. b. d.

51.

b. c. d.

52.

b.

53.

b.

54.

a.

55.

a.

56.

b.

57.

b.

58.

b.

59.

b.

60.

a.

61.

b.

62.

a.

63.

a.

64.

a.

65. [d] 1. Usually a senior systems analyst or an IT department manager, if the project is large [f] 2. A condition, restriction, or requirement that a system must satisfy [g] 3. The process of planning, scheduling, monitoring, and reporting on the development of an information system [e] 4. Handles the administrative responsibilities for a development team [a] 5. An important value assigned to an estimate [j] 6. Developed by the U.S. Navy to manage very complex projects [h] 7. Tasks that must be completed one after another [b] 8. A recognizable reference point that can be used to monitor progress and manage a project [c] 9. Defines the tasks that can start at the same time [i] 10. Tasks that must be completed before another task can start. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j.

66. 67. 68.

b.

Weight Milestone Concurrent tasks Project leader Project coordinator Constraint Project management dependent Predecessor tasks

Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT)

69.

b....