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Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5e (Bauman) Chapter 3 Cell Structure and Function 3.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Using a microscope, you observe an amoeba moving toward a food source. This is an example of A) reproduction. B) cellular structure. C) metabolism. D) growth. E) responsiveness. Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Processes of Life Learning Outcome: 3.1 2) Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial flagella? A) flagellin B) basal body C) tubulin D) filament E) hook Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.5 3) Which of the following statements concerning the characteristics of life is FALSE? A) Reproduction is defined as an increase in the size of an organism. B) Viruses have some, but not all, of the characteristics of living things. C) Organisms may not exhibit all of the characteristics of life at all times. D) Reproduction can occur asexually or sexually in living things. E) Living things store metabolic energy in the form of chemicals such as ATP. Answer: Aeref33ec Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Processes of Life Learning Outcome: 3.1

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4) Some bacteria have an outer layer called a ________ which allows them to adhere to surfaces and contributes to their ability to cause disease. A) cell wall B) LPS C) capsule D) flagellum E) pilus Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.3 5) Which of the following bacterial cell structures plays an important role in the creation of biofilms? A) glycocalyces B) flagella C) fimbriae D) pili E) both fimbriae and glycocalyces Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.3, 3.7 6) Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote? A) algae B) archaea C) fungus D) protozoa E) both archaea and protozoa Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview Learning Outcome: 3.2 7) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things? A) metabolism B) motility C) growth D) reproduction E) responsiveness Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Processes of Life Learning Outcome: 3.1

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8) Some bacteria have a water-soluble outer slime layer composed of A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) peptidoglycan. D) protein. E) lipoteichoic acid. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.3 9) Which of the following statements concerning conjugation pili is FALSE? A) Pili are longer than fimbriae and flagella. B) Pili facilitate the transfer of DNA among bacterial cells. C) Pili are long, hollow tubules. D) Not all bacteria have pili. E) A bacterial cell will usually have only one or two pili. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.7 10) Which of the following may be a component of bacterial cell walls? A) carrageenan B) lipoteichoic acids C) mycolic acid D) tubulin E) both lipoteichoic and mycolic acids Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cell Walls Learning Outcome: 3.11 11) Bacterial cell walls that are resistant to drying contain A) carbohydrates. B) amino acids. C) lipopolysaccharide. D) tubulin. E) waxes. Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cell Walls Learning Outcome: 3.11

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12) Lipid A is a component of A) the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. B) plant cell walls. C) cytoplasmic membranes. D) Gram-positive bacterial membranes. E) bacterial glycocalyces. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cell Walls Learning Outcome: 3.12 13) Bacteria of the genus Mycoplasma lack cell walls. What sort of environment do they require for survival? A) low temperature B) hypotonic C) isotonic D) hypertonic E) a biofilm Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.17 14) Lipid-soluble molecules would be expected to cross the cytoplasmic membrane by which of the following processes? A) osmosis B) facilitated diffusion C) diffusion D) active transport E) group translocation Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 15) ATP is expended in which of the following processes? A) facilitated diffusion B) diffusion C) group translocation D) active transport E) both active transport and group translocation Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16

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16) Which of the following statements concerning osmosis is FALSE? A) Osmosis requires a selectively permeable membrane. B) During osmosis, water crosses to the side of the membrane with a lower solute concentration. C) Cells placed in hypotonic solutions will gain water. D) Crenation results when blood cells are placed in a hypertonic solution. E) Osmosis stops when the system reaches equilibrium. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.17 17) Endospores survive a variety of harsh conditions in part because of the presence of A) mycolic acid. B) lipopolysaccharide. C) hopanoids. D) dipicolinic acid. E) glycoproteins. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria Learning Outcome: 3.20 18) Bacterial ________ are sites of metabolite storage. A) nucleoids B) vacuoles C) inclusions D) pili E) periplasm Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria Learning Outcome: 3.19 19) The flagella of archaea are similar to bacterial flagella but differ in that they A) lack a basal body. B) move like a whip. C) are anchored in the cytoplasm. D) are hollow. E) are driven by ATP hydrolysis. Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Archaea Learning Outcome: 3.24

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The cells illustrated in Figure 3.1 are in a(n) ________ environment. A) hypotonic B) hypertonic C) isotonic D) fluid mosaic E) passive Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.17 21) The bacterial ________ maintains the DNA in a specific location and facilitates the process of bacterial cell division. A) nucleoid B) inclusion C) pilus D) cytoskeleton E) fimbriae Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria Learning Outcome: 3.21 6 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

22) Bacterial ribosomes are composed of several polypeptides and A) three RNA molecules in two subunits. B) three RNA molecules in three subunits. C) two RNA molecules in two subunits. D) two RNA molecules in a single complex. E) one large RNA molecule in a single complex. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria Learning Outcome: 3.21 23) The glycocalyx of a eukaryotic cell performs all of the following functions EXCEPT A) protection against dehydration. B) anchoring cells to each other. C) cellular recognition and communication. D) transfer of genetic material between cells. E) strengthening the cell surface. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Learning Outcome: 3.30 24) Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle found only in eukaryotic cells? A) cytoskeleton B) flagellum C) ribosome D) centriole E) pilus Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.39 25) Which of the following is part of the structure of the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell? A) cilia B) cristae C) thylakoids D) inclusions E) nucleolus Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.43

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26) Which of the following statements about the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is CORRECT? A) The rough ER is the site of lipid synthesis. B) The smooth ER has ribosomes associated with it. C) The ER is a lipid storage organelle. D) The ER is a transport system within the cytoplasm. E) The smooth ER is a site of ATP synthesis. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 27) Short, hairlike structures used only by eukaryotic cells for movement are called A) pili. B) flagella. C) fimbriae. D) pseudopodia. E) cilia. Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.37 28) Chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in that the former have A) DNA. B) two lipid bilayers. C) 70S ribosomes. D) thylakoids. E) cristae. Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.43 29) Which of the following is paired INCORRECTLY? A) plants; cellulose cell wall B) algae; glycocalyx C) bacteria; peptidoglycan cell wall D) fungi; polysaccharide cell wall E) archaea; protein cell wall Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.30

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30) Which of the following statements concerning endocytosis is TRUE? A) This process occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis in which liquids are brought into the cell. C) Endocytosis produces a structure called a food vesicle. D) Waste products and secretions are exported from the cell during endocytosis. E) Endocytosis is a form of passive transport. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.32 31) Which of the following is NOT a function of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton? A) anchors organelles B) gives shape to the cell C) packages cellular secretions D) performs endocytosis E) aids in contraction of the cell Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.39 32) The accumulation of glucose 6-phosphate inside a bacterial cell via phosphorylation of glucose is an example of A) facilitated diffusion. B) group translocation. C) osmosis. D) plasmolysis. E) diffusion. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 33) What types of molecules may NOT need transport proteins to be able to cross cytoplasmic membranes? A) large molecules B) ions C) small hydrophobic molecules D) small hydrophilic molecules E) nothing crosses cytoplasmic membranes without transport proteins Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.15

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34) Which of the following processes requires a channel protein? A) diffusion only B) facilitated diffusion only C) active transport only D) endocytosis only E) both facilitated diffusion and active transport Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 35) Which of the following chemical substances contributes to the unique characteristics of acidfast bacteria? A) N-acetylglucosamine B) peptidoglycan C) lipoteichoic acid D) endotoxin E) mycolic acid Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Application Section: Bacterial Cell Walls Learning Outcome: 3.11 36) The cytoplasmic membranes of ________ may contain branched hydrocarbons. A) archaeal cells B) bacterial cells C) eukaryotic cells D) both bacterial and eukaryotic cells E) archaeal, bacterial, and eukaryotic cells Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.28 37) Membrane rafts are found in the cytoplasmic membranes of A) archaea only. B) bacteria only. C) eukaryotes only. D) both archaea and bacteria. E) both archaea and eukaryotes. Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.31

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38) Endocytosis and exocytosis are means of transport used by A) bacteria. B) eukaryotes. C) archaea. D) all prokaryotes. E) nothing; no cells use both processes. Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.32 39) Some ________ use group translocation as a means of transport. A) eukaryotes B) bacteria C) archaea D) protozoa E) eukaryotes and prokaryotes Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 40) Cholesterols are typically found in ________ cytoplasmic membranes. A) eukaryotic B) bacterial C) archaeal D) prokaryotic E) both eukaryotic and prokaryotic Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.31 41) The cell walls of some ________ are composed of minerals such as calcium carbonate. A) archaea B) bacteria C) algae D) fungi E) bacteria and fungi Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.31

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42) Cytoplasmic membranes of ________ are composed of unbranched phospholipids. A) bacteria B) eukaryotes C) archaea D) prokaryotes E) bacteria and eukaryotes Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.31 43) Which of the following contribute to the ability of archaea to survive in extreme environments? A) branched hydrocarbons with ether linkages B) phospholipids with monounsaturated fatty acids C) hopanoids D) glycerols E) both hopanoids and glycerols Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.28 44) ________ may have pili. A) Eukaryotes B) Archaea C) Bacteria D) Prokaryotes E) Both eukaryotes and bacteria Answer: C Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: External Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Learning Outcome: 3.7, 3.30 45) Which of the following never have cell walls? A) algae B) animal cells C) archaea D) bacteria E) fungi Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.31

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46) Which of the following may have cell walls containing teichoic acids? A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) archaea D) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria E) all prokaryotes Answer: B Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.11, 3.27 47)

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "c" in Figure 3.2? A) provide shape only B) attach to surfaces only C) protect from dehydration only D) attach to surfaces and protect from dehydration E) serve as carbohydrate storage Answer: D Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.3 48) The endosymbiotic theory does NOT provide an explanation for A) the two membranes of the nuclear envelope. B) the presence of ribosomes in mitochondria. C) the presence of DNA in chloroplasts. D) the cristae in mitochondria. E) the double membrane of chloroplasts. Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.45 13 Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.

49) Which of the following prokaryotic cells contain an outer membrane? A) Gram-negative bacteria only B) Gram-positive bacteria only C) both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria D) archaea E) all prokaryotes Answer: A Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.12 50)

What is the function of the cellular structure indicated by "m" in Figure 3.3? A) ATP synthesis B) protein synthesis C) synthesis of lipids D) packaging of materials for export E) cell movement and mitosis Answer: E Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.39

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3.2 True/False Questions 1) Chloroplasts use light energy to produce ATP and carbohydrates. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 2) Peroxisomes contain enzymes used to digest nutrients that have been brought into the cell through phagocytosis. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 3) Bacterial protein synthesis can begin before the reading of the gene is complete. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells: An Overview Learning Outcome: 3.2 4) Archaea are similar to bacteria in having cytoplasmic membrane that are composed of phospholipids and hopanoids. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Archaeal Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.28

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The processes illustrated in Figure 3.4 are driven by electrochemical gradients. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 6) Eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of 50S and 30S subunits. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.39 7) Lysosomes result from the endocytosis of food particles by eukaryotic cells. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 8) The presence of a glycocalyx contributes to bacteria's ability to cause disease. Answer: TRUE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.3

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9) Chromatin is composed of DNA and special packaging proteins called hopanoids. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Cytoplasm of Eukaryotes Learning Outcome: 3.42 10)

The short structures on the surface of the cell in Figure 3.5 are pili. Answer: FALSE Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.7 3.3 Short Answer Questions 1) In a(n) (hypertonic/isotonic/hypotonic) solution, an animal cell can gain so much water that it may burst. Answer: hypotonic Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 2) The presence of a cell (wall/membrane) enables bacterial and plant cells to resist the effects of hypotonic solutions. Answer: wall Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 3) A higher concentration of solutes corresponds to a (higher/lower) concentration of water in a given solution. Answer: lower Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.17

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4) A(n) (symport/antiport/uniport) is a carrier protein that transports two substances in the same direction across a membrane. Answer: symport Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.16 5) The "run" in bacterial motility is the result of (clockwise/counterclockwise/whiplike) rotation of the flagella. Answer: counterclockwise Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: External Structure of Bacterial Cells Learning Outcome: 3.5 6) The reserve deposits of starch or other compounds found in many prokaryotic cells are called (vacuoles/inclusions/nucleoid). Answer: inclusions Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge Section: Cytoplasm of Bacteria Learning Outcome: 3.19 7) Eukaryotic cells use a process known as (pinocytosis/phagocytosis/exocytosis) to obtain liquids from their environment. Answer: pinocytosis Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension Section: Eukaryotic Cell Walls and Cytoplasmic Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.32 8) Fragments of (LPS/NAM...