Chapter 4 Notes - Professor James Smolin, Ph.D. PDF

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Professor James Smolin, Ph.D....

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Chapter 4 Notes Anxiety & Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Alleles - the gene pair responsible for a specific trait Amygdala - the brain structure associated with the processing, expression, and memory of emotions, especially anger and fear Anxiety - an anticipatory emotion that produces bodily reactions that prepare us for “fight or flight” – Futureoriented apprehension Anxiety disorder - fear or anxiety symptoms that interfere with an individual’s day-to-day functioning

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) - a condition involving a preoccupation with a perceived physical defect or excessive concern over a slight physical defect Comorbid - existing simultaneously with another condition Compulsion - the need to perform acts or mental tasks to reduce anxiety Delusion - a firmly held false belief Education & Treatment – De-escalate & tolerate, environmental management, interpret & normalize Etiological model - model developed to explain the cause of a disorder (psychological, social, biological, sociocultural) Excoriation (skin-picking) disorder - a distressing and recurrent compulsive picking of the skin resulting in skin Fear - an intense emotion experienced in response to a threatening situation Flooding - a technique that involves inducing a high anxiety level through continued actual or imagined exposure to a fear-arousing situation Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) - a condition characterized by persistent, high levels of anxiety and difficulty controlling excessive worry over many life circumstances

Hippocampus - the part of the brain involved in forming, organizing, and storing memories Hoarding disorder - a condition involving congested living conditions due to the accumulation of possessions and distress over the thought of discarding them Muscle dysmorphia - the belief that one’s body is too small or insufficiently muscular Neurotransmitter - any of a group of chemicals that help transmit messages between neurons

Obsession - an intrusive, repetitive thought or image that produces anxiety Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) - a condition characterized by intrusive, repetitive anxiety-producing thoughts or a strong need to perform acts or dwell on thoughts to reduce anxiety (Not anxiety disorder category – has its own category - it’s a disorder that anxiety contributes to) (ERP - Exposure – Response – Prevention) exposure therapy treatment that involves introducing the client to increasingly difficult encounters with a feared situation

Orbitofrontal cortex - the brain region associated with planning and decision making (related to OCD) Panic attack – false alarm (derived by folklore) symptoms come on when there is nothing to fear (the fear of fear) an episode of intense fear accompanied by symptoms such as a pounding heart, trembling, shortness of breath, and fear of losing control Panic Disorder – a condition involving recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with apprehension over future attacks or behavioral changes to avoid a physical misinterpretations – CBT Treatment is 60-80% successful

Phobia - persistent fear, cued, excessive & unreasonable – most common disorder Polymorphic variation - a common DNA mutation of a gene Prefrontal cortex - the outer layer of the prefrontal lobe responsible for inhibiting instinctive responses and performing complex cognitive behavior such as managing attention, behavior, and emotions Response prevention - treatment in which an individual is prevented from performing a compulsive behavior Serotonin - a neurotransmitter associated with mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive behavior Social anxiety disorder (SAD) - an intense fear of being scrutinized in social or performance situations Specific phobia several types: Animal, Natural Environment, Blood-Injection Injury, Situational, Other Systematic desensitization a treatment technique involving repeated exposure to a feared stimulus while a client is in a competing emotional or physiological state such as relaxation Trichotillomania - recurrent and compulsive hair pulling that results in hair loss and causes significant distress Triple Vulnerability Model – Biological, Generalized psychological, Specific psychological Predisposition a susceptibility to certain symptoms or disorders Behavioral inhibition shyness Negative appraisal interpreting events as threatening Anxiety sensitivity a trait involving fear of physiological changes within the

agoraphobia 94 alleles 88 amygdala 87 anxiety 86 anxiety disorder 86 anxiety sensitivity 89 behavioral inhibition 89 body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) 110 cognitive restructuring 99 comorbid 101 compulsion 107 concordance rate 101 delusion 111 etiological model 87 excoriation (skin-picking) disorder 112 exposure therapy 98 fear 86 flooding 115 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 105 hippocampus 87 hoarding disorder 110 modeling therapy 99 muscle dysmorphia 112 negative appraisal 89 neurotransmitter 88 obsession 107 obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 107 orbitofrontal cortex 113 panic attack 94 panic disorder 100 phobia 91 polymorphic variation 88 predisposition 89 prefrontal cortex 87 response prevention 115 schema 106 serotonin 88 social anxiety disorder (SAD) 91 specific phobia 93 systematic desensitization 98 trichotillomania 112...