Chapter 4 PDF

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HDFS 3700; Spring 2016; Practice test...

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Chapter 4 - Families Multiple Choice

1.

The tensions that are often assumed to be inherent in the relations between adolescents and adults are referred to as the: A) parent-child rift. B) generation gap. C) empty nest syndrome. D) midlife crisis. Answer: B

2.

As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. These difficulties suggest that: A) G. Stanley Hall was correct in stating that adolescence is a period of “storm and stress.” B) the generation gap is a major issue for parents and their adolescents. C) their problematic relationship has existed since Alex’s childhood. D) Alex has been negatively affected by his entrance into the high school system. Answer: C

3.

Peers usually have more influence than parents on matters of: A) occupational ambitions. B) educational goals. C) patterns of leisure activity. D) values. Answer: C

4.

When it comes to basic, core values (e.g., religion, work, education) diversity _________ is much more striking than are differences _________. A) within the adolescent population; between the generations B) between the generations; within the adolescent population C) within families; within the adolescent population D) between families; within individuals Answer: A

5.

The popular notion of a generation gap has only been supported in differences between

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parents and children with regard to: A) values and attitudes. B) personal taste. C) mother-daughter relationships. D) father-son relationships. Answer: B

6.

Research on the nature of parent-adolescent relationships reveals that: A) most adolescents experience considerable storm and stress in relationships with parents. B) most adolescents resent their parents and rebel against their restrictions. C) most adolescents appear to maintain positive, supportive, and mutually respective relationships with parents. D) most adolescents become even closer to parents, and report almost no disruptions in their relationships with them. Answer: C

7.

Jim and Stacey are the parents of two preteen girls. Throughout the girls’ childhood, the family has enjoyed fairly harmonious relationships. The likelihood that they will experience serious problems as the girls go through adolescence is: A) highly likely. B) average. C) not likely. D) not easily predicted. Answer: C

8.

When it comes to matters like religion, adolescents are more likely to be influenced by _____ over _____. A) friends; parents B) media; friends C) media; parents D) parents; friends Answer: D

9.

Which statement concerning parent-adolescent conflict is false? A) Morals and values are shaped over a long period of time and therefore are less likely to be subject to disagreement between parents and their adolescents. B) Personal tastes in music and clothing shift quickly and are likely to be influenced by peers rather than parents. C) Ethnic minority adolescents are more likely than nonminority adolescents to experience conflict with their parents. D) The generation gap between parents and adolescents is more likely to be noticed in TB-4 | 2

such domains as music, clothing, and leisure activity than in matters such as ethics and morality. Answer: C

10.

Although conflict between adolescents and parents over mundane matters (e.g., curfews, clothing) is generally _____ frequent in ethnic minority than in White families, the topics of disagreement are _____across ethnic groups. A) more; similar B) more; completely different C) less; completely different D) less; similar Answer: D

11.

Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents? A) on how to wear his hair B) on the issue of capital punishment C) on the choice of religious preference D) on the value of a college education Answer: A

12.

Over the period of adolescence, individuals’ perspectives change. Research indicates that one manifestation of this change in perspective is a(an) _____ in adolescents’ willingness to lie to their parents. A) increase B) decrease C) an initial increase but then a strong decrease D) increase, but only for girls Answer: A

13.

According to Smetana, adolescents often judge keeping one’s room clean and style of dress as _____, whereas parents tend to judge these issues as _____. A) personal; conventional B) personal; moral C) conventional; personal D) moral; personal Answer: A

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14.

Professor Ngo is studying family transitions. According to family systems theory, he is most likely to see dramatic changes in family relationships during all of the following events, except when: A) individual family members are changing, such as during adolescence. B) a family’s circumstances are changing, such as with divorce or a change in economic status. C) the family equilibrium changes, such as when a family member develops a chronic illness. D) lack of change creates a sturdy, yet boring, family pattern. Answer: D

15.

Which of the following research findings best describes the phenomenon known as generational dissonance: A) Recent studies of Mexican-American families have found that stress and conflict are higher in Latino families in which adolescents are relatively more acculturated than parents. B) One recent study of Black families found that teenagers rated their mother’s behavior far more negatively than did either the mother or the researcher. C) Several researchers have demonstrated that family relationships change during puberty, with bickering between adolescents and their parents increasing and closeness between adolescents and their parents diminishing. D) Research suggests that the distancing that takes place between parents and teenagers in early and middle adolescence is temporary. Answer: A

16.

According to the textbook, one recent study of Mexican-American families found __________rates of parent-adolescent cohesion during mid-adolescence among __________families. A) lower; more highly acculturated families B) higher; more highly acculturated C) lower; wealthier D) higher; wealthier Answer: B

17.

Luis and Carla Hernandez are getting a divorce. It is likely that the family will go through a period of _________ before it can adjust to this challenge. A) disequilibrium B) equilibrium C) disinhibition D) guilt Answer: A TB-4 | 4

18.

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents: A) are frequently becoming more involved in building their own careers. B) seem to be pushing children toward financial independence at increasingly earlier ages. C) are often home too often and don’t give their children adequate freedom. D) may also be experiencing identity crises of their own. Answer: D

19. After midlife, parents are more likely to think about the future in terms of: A) how much time they have been alive. B) how much time their children have been alive. C) how much time until their children die. D) how much time they have left to live themselves. Answer: D

20.

One reason for imbalance or disequilibrium in the family during the adolescent years is that parents: A) are too involved in their own careers to notice their children. B) may be experiencing their own type of “identity crisis.” C) may be pushing their child toward financial independence too early. D) are too restrictive of their adolescents’ finances. Answer: B

21.

The identity crisis of adolescence may interact with the ________ in increasing family conflict. A) hormonal surges of puberty B) stage theorists’ description of cognitive development C) intergenerational conflict with parents D) midlife crisis of adults Answer: D

22.

Concerns of adolescents and their parents are often complementary. All of the following issues concern both adolescents and their parents, except: A) the future. B) sexual appeal. C) money. D) adult roles. Answer: C TB-4 | 5

23.

Adults tend to be ______ when their children are adolescents than the past generation. A) younger B) less busy C) more conservative D) older Answer: D

24.

Which of the following is not one of the three major factors that influence the transformation in family relationships that takes places during early adolescence? A) puberty B) changes in the balance of power C) gender of the adolescent D) violations of expectations Answer: C

25.

Changes requiring considerable adjustment for families with adolescents typically include all of the following, except: A) financial demands resulting from parents being part of the “sandwich generation.” B) being the central setting for their adolescent’s narrow social world. C) differing expectations about family obligations. D) adolescents’ increasing assertiveness and influence in the family. Answer: B

26.

Which child would be expected to have the most conflict with his parents? A) Lee, an 8-year-old B) Robert, a 13-year-old C) Anthony, a 16-year-old D) Edward, an 18-year-old Answer: B

27.

The increased bickering between parents and adolescents: A) is similar to that seen between people of equal status who are trying to assert their dominance. B) occurs as the result of some degree of loss of love and respect during this period. C) becomes more intense during later adolescence. D) may take a toll on parents’ mental health. Answer: D

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28.

Studies of immigrant families suggest that the least amount of conflict exists in households in which: A) adolescents and their parents communicate in their native language. B) adolescents and their parents communicate in English. C) adolescents use English to communicate with their parents, and the parents use their native language to communicate with their adolescents. D) parents have adjusted to living in the United States. Answer: A

29.

Bobby’s parents expect him to tell them everything. However, now that he’s 13 years old, he feels entitled to keep secrets from them. What has this discrepancy been referred to as? A) violation of expectations B) sibling deidentification C) nonshared environmental effects D) indulgent parenting Answer: A

30.

Which of the following statements about the way in which teenagers relate to mothers and fathers is false: A) adolescents tend to be closer to their mother B) fathers are more likely to be perceived as distant authority figures C) adolescents fight more often with their mothers than their fathers D) adolescents perceive fathers as more controlling than their mothers Answer: D

31.

The text cautions against trying to determine the relationship between family characteristics and adolescent development because: A) adolescent behavior may be a stronger determinant of family relationships than parents’ behavior patterns. B) parents and adolescents reciprocally influence each other. C) we cannot tell how parents’ parenting patterns impact their adolescents’ behavior until it is too late. D) genetic inheritance has a stronger impact on adolescent behavior than parenting practices. Answer: B

32.

Felicia is very warm and accepting to both of her two children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few exceptions. According to Baumrind, the characteristics that best describe her are: TB-4 | 7

A) B) C) D)

responsive and demanding. demanding and submissive. lenient and indulgent. submissive and responsive.

Answer: A

33.

Authoritative parents value all of the following, except: A) warmth. B) obedience. C) behavioral standards. D) autonomy. Answer: B

34.

Max tells his friends that his mother is a “real marshmallow” who does whatever he wants and who never enforces the rules she tries to set. If Max’s statement is true, his mother is best characterized as: A) authoritarian. B) nonresponsive. C) indulgent. D) demanding. Answer: C

35.

Joshua’s parents set rules for him, but he feels that when a rule seems unfair, he can discuss it with his parents and, even if they don’t agree to change the rule, they at least listen to his opinions. Joshua’s parents fit best into which of the following parenting styles? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) indifferent Answer: A

36.

Tammy’s father has absolute standards and expects Tammy to conform to them without exception. If she disobeys he generally punishes her, and sees no reason why he should explain his rules to Tammy. Instead, his response is, “I’m the father and I love you. I know what’s best for you.” Her father is best described as having what kind of parenting style? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) indifferent Answer: B

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37.

Judy’s parents express love toward her and they let her, for the most part, establish her own schedule. She eats when she’s hungry, has full run of the house, and sleeps when she’s tired. This parenting style fits best with which of the following? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) indifferent Answer: C

38.

Don’s teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences, and shows little intellectual curiosity. He also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. Based on Baumrind’s classification of parenting styles, the best guess is that Don’s parents are: A) authoritative. B) authoritarian. C) indulgent. D) indifferent. Answer: B

39.

Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Nicole, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of her peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference? A) Nicole most likely comes from a single-parent family while Cory most likely comes from a two-parent family. B) Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Nicole most likely has authoritarian parents. C) Cory most likely comes from an affluent family and Nicole most likely comes from a low-income family. D) Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Nicole most likely has indifferent parents. Answer: B

40.

Growing up, Jessica’s parents had a lot of marital conflict. At times Jessica was even exposed to some domestic violence. Jessica is likely to develop which of the following problems? A) depression B) aggression C) delinquency D) all of the above TB-4 | 9

Answer: D

41.

Marcus feels like his parents don’t care about him because they allow him to set his own rules and they seldom provide much support. He even wishes they would punish him because that would at least indicate they are paying attention to him. Marcus’s parents would be described best as fitting into which of Baumrind’s parenting styles? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) indifferent Answer: D

42.

Optimal development during adolescence appears to be facilitated by the ________ style of parenting. A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) neglectful Answer: A

43. Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following, except: A) encouraging discussions about decisions and rules that help children understand social relationships. B) asserting parental authority by turning adolescents’ personal decisions into moral issues. C) engaging children and adolescents in verbal give-and-take. D) encouraging understanding of social systems, which helps in the development of reasoning, judgment, and empathy. Answer: B

44.

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be: A) more involved in delinquent behavior. B) less mature and more conforming to their peers C) more impulsive. D) less socially adept. Answer: B

45.

Michelle is in late adolescence. She excels in school, holds an after-school job, and

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participates in community service projects on the weekends. Michelle also has lots of friends at school. Her parents most likely use which parenting style? A) indulgent B) authoritative C) indifferent D) authoritarian Answer: B

46. Through which of the following behaviors does an adolescent help shape authoritative parenting? A) by acting up to make their parents feel short-tempered, impatient, or distant B) by being aggressive, dependent, or psychosocially immature to elicit better parenting C) by providing parents with very little knowledge about their behavior or whereabouts, to encourage parental monitoring D) by displaying psychosocial maturity, leading parents to encourage further development of maturity Answer: D

47.

Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with overall psychological competence? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent D) indifferent Answer: A

48.

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that: A) authoritative parenting is most likely to be used by White and Asian families. B) ethnic minority families are less likely than White families to use an authoritative parenting style because they are less educated than White parents. C) even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups. D) authoritarian parenting has equally negative effects on adolescent development across all ethnic groups. Answer: C

49.

Which type of parenting is the most prevalent among ethnic minorities? A) authoritative B) authoritarian C) indulgent

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D) indifferent Answer: B

50. Which of the following statements is most true of minority families and parenting styles? A) because ethnic minorities are more likely to live in dangerous areas, authoritarian parenting may actually be beneficial for these adolescents B) the distinction between authoritative parenting’s positive outcomes for adolescents and authoritarian parenting’s negative outcomes holds true across all cultures and ethnic groups C) authoritarian parenting is most prevalent among White middle-class families D) authoritarian parenting styles are associated with an even greater number of adverse effects for ethnic minority adolescents, relative to their White adolescent counterparts Answer: A

51.

Based on the developmental research, which adolescent is most likely to experience healthy development? A) Kenji, whose parents encourage dependence and connection B) Benji, whose parents engage with him in verbal give-and-take C) Sanjay, whose parents encourage dependence and personal distance D) Bernie, whose parents encourage autonomy and personal distance Answer: B

52.

According to research, _________ can be an effective way for enhancing the development of adolescents’ reasoning abilities, moral judgment and empathy: A) family discussions in which decisions, rules, and expectations are explained. B) giving adolescents free rein. C) helping adolescents better enforce rules for their younger siblings. D) restricting their activities so they avoid any mistakes. Answer: A

53.

Which of the following is not one of the 10 Basic Principles of Good Parenting: A) being too loving can be a bad thing B) be involved in your child’s life C) avoid harsh discipline...