Chapter 6 & 7 - Lecture notes ch 6-7 PDF

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Chapter 6: Probability, Normal Distributions and z-scores

o Normal distribution (also called bell-shaped, Gaussian or symmetrical) distribution o Proportions of area under normal curve are used to determineà probabilities for normally distributed data o Standard deviation o Standard normal distribution (or z-distribution) with a mean of 0 and SD = 1 o Z-score o Standard normal transformation or z transformation formula = Z = X- mu/ sigma (st. dev.) o Unit Normal Table (and how to read it) o Section 6.6: Locating proportions: Xà Z; then find proportion associated with Zscore o Locating scores: Use probability (proportion) in Unit Normal Table to find z-score; then transform Z-> X o (Note: Sections 6.9 and 6.10 are optional, so they are good to know, but less likely to be tested upon.)

Chapter 7: Probability and Sampling Distributions (p. 198-223)

o Sampling distribution – what is it? o Distribution of sample mean o Note: Methods of sampling less emphasized right now.) o Unbiased estimator o Central Limit Theorem o expected value of M (sample mean) o standard error of the mean (standard error)

o Should be able to define and describe the distribution of sample means by identifying its shape, the expected value of M and the standard error of M (as we did in class). See also Sampling Distributions handout posted under “Course Documents”. o Factors that Decrease Standard error o Law of large numbers o Section 7.9: Standard normal transformations with sampling distributions (example p. 222)...