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Chapter 6_Listening 

Hearing is the physiological perception of sound while listening is the process of recognizing, understanding and interpreting the message.



Effective listening involves three components: 

The degree to which we are willing to listen is the affective component.



The cognitive component involves selecting (choosing one sound over other); attending (focusing on the message) and understanding (making sense of the message).



The

behavioral

component

includes

recalling

information

to

communicate, i.e.; remembering and responding, giving feedback. 

Most people develop multiple listening preferences. Types of listening preferences are: 

Active

listeners

understanding,

make

choices

remembering

and

about

selecting,

responding,

and

attending, are

more

competent than passive listeners. 

Listening fidelity is the degree to which thoughts of the listeners agrees with intention of the source of the message.



People-oriented listeners listens with relationship in mind.



Action-oriented listeners focuses on tasks.



Content-oriented listeners carefully evaluate what they hear.



Time-oriented listeners prefer information that are clear and to the point.



Advantages of listening: 

Listening help in career, saves time & money, creates opportunities, strengthens relationship and helps to achieve our goals.



Informative listening is used to understand a message.



Critical listening is used to evaluate information, evidence, ideas or opinions.



Empathic listening is an attempt to know about another person’s feelings, often using paraphrasing to recognize and elaborate other’s feelings.



Appreciative listening is used when the goal is simple to appreciate the sounds, such as listening to music.



Challenges to listening: 

Listening Barriers: These are factors that interfere with our ability to comprehend information and respond appropriately. Allergies and crying babies are environmental factors that impair our ability to listen.



Hearing loss challenges can be overcome with understanding of nonverbal behaviors.



Processing challenges are faced by many with normal hearing, e.g. ADD.



Multitasking, attending to several tasks at once, limits the focus on one tasks.



A boring speaker or topic is hard to follow but overexcitement can be distracting.



Talking is regarded as more powerful than listening.



Overconfidence can cause people to become lazy and not pay careful attention during communication.



Listening apprehension, anxiety or dread associated with listening, may hinder concentration.



Ethical factors in listening process: 

Defensive listening is responding with aggression and arguing with the speaker without fully listening to the message.



Selective listening is zeroing in on bits of information that may interest you.



Insensitive listening occurs when we fail to pay attention to the emotional content of someone’s message and take it as face value.



Self-absorbed listeners listen for their own needs and may practice monopolistic

listening,

listening

to

control

the

communication

interaction. 

Pseudo listening is pretending to listen while not really paying attention.



Contexts that affects listening: Different situations create different challenges. The dynamics of relationship changes how you listen. Technology is an important context for listening. The cultural context affects listening behavior....