Chapter 7 Study Guide PDF

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Molkentin 1

Special Education 306/506 - Chapter 7 - Study Guide 1. What is the difference between the form and the function of a behavior? a

The function of a behavior is to make a desired change in the environment.

b

The form of a behavior is the physical characteristics that make up the behavior (the topography of the behavior).

2. What are the six functions served by behavior? What does this mean? a

Behavior engaged in to gain attention

b

Behavior engaged in to gain a tangible

c

Behavior engaged in to gain sensory stimulation

d

Behavior engaged in to escape from attention or interactions

e

Behavior engaged in to escape from tasks

f

Behavior engaged in to escape from internal stimulation that is painful or uncomfortable.

3. What is the purpose of developing a behavior support plan? a The purpose of a behavior support plan is to replace an inappropriate behavior with an appropriate behavior that serves the same function. 4. What is the difference between functional assessment and functional analysis? a Functional assessment is a set of information-gathering strategies and instruments. In a functional assessment we look at what precedes the behavior and what follows it. Patterns are identified that lead to the hypothesis. b Functional analysis is a strategy of manipulating the student’s environment and observing the effect on the student’s behavior. Changes in the student’s behavior lead to a hypothesis. c Functional analysis comprises a set of procedures for determining the function of a behavior by systematic manipulation of environmental variables, both antecedents and consequences, and documentation of their effect on the occurrence of the target behavior.

Molkentin 2 5. What are the ways in which information is gathered for a functional assessment? Give an example of each. a

Indirect strategies: Gather information from people who regularly interact with the student. i

b

Example: A special education teacher is told by the history teacher that Jon is constantly off task. To gather more information on why Jon might by off task, the special education teacher asks the history teacher and Jon’s other teachers to fill out a behavior rating scale.

Direct observation: Gather information by taking data on the behavior while the student is engaged in it. i

Example: Jacob frequently interrupts in class. To gather more information the teacher develops an event recording anecdotal report to track how many times Jacob interrupts in class.

ii Examples include anecdotal reports, scatter plot analysis, and ABC descriptive analysis. 6. Define the term analog environment. a Analog environment: An environment outside the classroom where very controlled presentation of the conditions can be managed. i In the controlled analog setting it is possible that the behavior will not be exposed to the same variables found in the natural environment. ii

Analog environments are often used in research studies.

7. What should be developed once all the data has been collected? a

Once all the data has been collected and analyzed a behavior support plan can be developed.

Personal notes

Molkentin 3 

Behavior and its function: o When teachers ask, “why does he do that” they are really wondering what function the behavior serves for the student. o The function of a behavior is to make a desired change in the environment. 

The change can be to add something positive to the students’ environment or to take something unpleasant away from the students’ environment.

o

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The behavior support plan o Behavior support plan (BSP) or behavior intervention plan: A plan that details an agreed-upon set of procedures for changing inappropriate behavior.

Molkentin 4 o Questions we asked when trying to come up for a hypothesis on why a student is displaying a specific behavior. 

Is there a pattern of events or behaviors that consistently precedes the occurrence of the behavior?

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Is there a pattern of events or behaviors that consistently follows the occurrence of the behavior?

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Can the student be taught an alternative, appropriate behavior to accomplish the same function as the inappropriate behavior?

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What is the context within which the behavior, the antecedents, and the consequences take place?

o Setting events: Setting, climate, or context within which the behavior and the contingency occur.

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May occur immediately before a problem behavior (proximal antecedents) or hours/days in advance (distal antecedents).

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May include ongoing factors such as a student’s culture, family circumstances, or medical condition.

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Include environmental factors, social factors, or physiological factors.

Development of a behavior support plan o Indirect strategies 

Informant assessment: Questioning a person familiar with the student.

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Behavioral interview:

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Behavior rating scales:

o Direct observation strategies: 

Anecdotal reports

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Scatter plot analysis

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ABC descriptive analysis

Molkentin 5 

Settings for conducting functional analysis: o Analog environment: An environment outside the classroom where very controlled presentation of the conditions can be managed.

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In the controlled analog setting it is possible that the behavior will not be exposed to the same variables found in the natural environment.

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Analog environments are often used in research studies.

Brief functional analysis: o

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Positive behavior support: o...