Chapter 9 Highlighted Study Quiz - From the textbook PDF

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TB for Chapter 9 of the Biol235 Textbook. Answers are highlighted....

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Course Title: pap14 Chapter Number: 09

Question type: Essay

1) List the three structural categories of joints and briefly describe the criteria used for structural classification of joints. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.1 Describe the structural and functional classifications of joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.1 Joint Classifications Solution: The structural types of joints include: 1) fibrous joints, 2) cartilaginous joints, and 3) synovial joints. Joints can be classified structurally based on two criteria: 1) the presence or absence of a space between the articulating bones, called a synovial cavity and 2) the type of connective tissue that binds the bones together.

Question type: Multiple Choice

2) Which of the following types of joints lacks a joint cavity and is held together by a fibrous connective tissue? 1. Fibrous joints 2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 2 e) All of these choices Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.1 Describe the structural and functional classifications of joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.1 Joint Classifications

3) Which of the following types of joints do NOT have a synovial cavity? 1. Fibrous joints

2. Cartilaginous joints 3. Synovial joints a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 2 e) All of these choices Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.1 Describe the structural and functional classifications of joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.1 Joint Classifications

Question type: Essay

4) List the three functional classifications of joints, and briefly describe the basis for the functional classification of joints. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.1 Describe the structural and functional classifications of joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.1 Joint Classifications Solution: The functional classification joint is based on the degree of movement that they allow. The three functional classes are: 1) synarthroses, which are totally immovable, 2) amphiarthroses, which have slight movement, and 3) diarthroses, which are freely moveable joints.

Question type: Multiple Choice

5) Which functional class of joints contains joints that are freely movable? 1. Synarthrosis 2. Amphiarthrosis 3. Diarthrosis a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) Both 2 and 3 e) All of these choices

Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.1 Describe the structural and functional classifications of joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.1 Joint Classifications

6) Which of the following is a type of fibrous joint composed of a thin layer of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue found between the bones of the skull? 1. Syndesmoses 2. Gomphosis 3. Suture a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) Both 1 and 2 e) None of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.2 Describe the structure and functions of the three types of fibrous joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.2 Fibrous Joints

7) A suture joint fits into which functional joint classification? a) synarthrosis. b) amphiarthrosis. c) diarthrosis. d) synovial. e) cartilaginous. Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.2 Describe the structure and functions of the three types of fibrous joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.2 Fibrous Joints

8) The epiphyseal plate in a long bone is an example of which type of joint? a) Gomphosis b) Suture c) Symphysis d) Synovial e) Synchondrosis Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.3 Describe the structure and functions of the two types of cartilaginous joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints

9) The joint between the first rib and the manubrium of the sternum is classified as a) a synchondrosis. b) a synarthrosis. c) a cartilaginous joint. d) All of these choices. e) None of these choices. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.3 Describe the structure and functions of the two types of cartilaginous joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints

10) Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of synovial joints? a) Contain a joint cavity b) Are freely moveable c) Articulating bones are covered with hyaline cartilage d) Include elastic cartilage e) Have ligaments holding the joint together Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints.

Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints

11) Which of the following is(are) made from dense regular connective tissue? a) Ligaments b) Articular cartilage c) Articular fat pads d) Synovial membrane e) Synovial fluid Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints

Question type: Essay

12) What unique characteristics would a person who is "double-jointed” possess? Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints Solution: Double-jointed people do not have extra joints. They have greater flexibility in their articular capsules and ligaments. The resulting increase in the range of motion allows them to do such moves as touching their thumbs to their wrists and putting their ankles or elbows behind their necks. Unfortunately, such flexible joints are structurally less stable and are more easily dislocated.

13) Briefly describe the functions of synovial fluid. Answer: Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures.

Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints Solution: Synovial fluid reduces friction, absorbs shock and supplying oxygen and nutrients to and removing carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the chondrocytes within articular cartilage.

14) Briefly describe what is happening when a person “cracks their knuckles”. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints Solution: When the synovial cavity expands, the pressure of the synovial fluid decreases, creating a partial vacuum. The suction draws carbon dioxide and oxygen out of the blood vessels in the synovial membrane, forming bubbles in the fluid. When the bubbles are forced to burst, as when the fingers are hyperflexed, the cracking or popping sound is heard as the gases are driven back into solution.

Question type: Multiple Choice

15) Which of the following structures include the fibular and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee joint? a) Synovial membranes b) Articular fat pads c) Menisci d) Extracapsular ligaments e) Tendon sheath Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints

16) Another term for menisci is

a) articular fat pads. b) articular discs. c) articular spaces. d) capsular fat pads. e) capsular discs. Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints

17) Articular discs 1. maintain the stability of a joint. 2. direct flow of the synovial fluid to areas of greatest friction. 3. are made of hyaline cartilage. 4. are only found in the vertebral column. a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only e) 1 and 2 Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.1 Describe the structure of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints

18) Which of the following structures is used to reduce friction in joints? 1. Bursae 2. Synovial fluid 3. Accessory ligaments 4. Elastic fibers a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 4 only

e) 1 and 2 Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.4 Describe the properties of synovial joints and their accessory structures. Study Objective 2: SO 9.4.2 Describe the structure and function of bursae and tendon sheaths. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.4 Synovial Joints

19) Which type of motion results from relatively flat bone surfaces moving back and forth and from side to side with respect to one another? a) Flexion b) Extension c) Gliding d) Circumduction e) Hyperextension Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

20) Which of the following represents a type of movement where there is a decrease in the angle between articulating bones? a) Flexion b) Extension c) Gliding d) Circumduction e) Rotation Answer: a Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

21) Bending the trunk forward at the intervertebral discs is an example of what type of angular movement?

a) Flexion b) Extension c) Lateral flexion d) Hyperextension e) None of these choices Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

22) Flexion and extension usually occur along which plane? a) Frontal b) Transverse c) Sagittal d) Oblique e) None of these choices Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

23) Moving the humerus laterally at the shoulder joint is an example of which type of movement? a) Lateral flexion b) Hyperextension c) Adduction d) Abduction e) Gliding Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

24) Which type of movement involves a continuous sequence of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction resulting in a distal body part moving in a circle?

a) Gliding b) Lateral flexion c) Hyperextension d) Circumduction e) Elevation Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

25) Which of the following is not considered a “special movement” that occurs at only certain joints? a) Depression b) Protraction c) Elevation d) Supination e) All of these are special movements Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

26) What type of special movement occurs in your clavicles at your acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints when you cross your arms in front of your body? a) Protraction b) Retraction c) Inversion d) Eversion e) Supination Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

27) Which special movement occurs when you bend your foot at the ankle in the direction of the foot’s superior surface as would occur when you stand on your heels? a) Inversion b) Eversion c) Dorsiflexion d) Plantar flexion e) Supination Answer: c Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

28) Which special movement involves moving your thumb across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand? a) Pronation b) Supination c) Eversion d) Retraction e) Opposition Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

29) Which of the following is NOT a structural category of synovial joints? a) Planar b) Hinge c) Condyloid d) Suture e) Saddle Answer: d Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

30) In which type of synovial joint does a rounded or pointed surface on one bone articulate with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament? a) Pivot joint b) Planar joint c) Hinge joint d) Ball-and-socket joint e) Saddle joint Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

31) A condyloid joint a) is also called an ellipsoidal joint. b) is considered to be biaxial. c) allows both flexion–extension and abduction–adduction of the joint. d) can be found in the wrist. e) is All of these choices Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

32) Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting range of motion of a joint? a) Structure of articulating bones b) Tension of the muscles c) Hormones d) Disuse e) Eversion Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.7 Describe six factors that influence the type of movement and range of motion possible at a synovial joint. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.7 Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints

33) What type of joint is shown in the diagram?

a) Suture b) Syndesmosis c) Symphysis d) Cartilaginous e) Synovial Answer: b Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.2 Describe the structure and functions of the three types of fibrous joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.2 Fibrous Joints

34) What type of joint is shown in the diagram?

a) Suture b) Synostosis c) Symphysis d) Synovial e) Gomophosis Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.2 Describe the structure and functions of the three types of fibrous joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.2 Fibrous Joints

35) In the figure, what represents a saddle joint?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: e Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

36) In the diagram, what represents a pivot joint?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

37) Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a multiaxial joint?

a) B b) C c) D d) E e) F Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

38) Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a biaxial joint?

a) B b) C c) D d) E e) More than one selection is correct Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

39) Which of the joints shown in the figure is classified as a monaxial joint?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) B and C Answer: e Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

40) Which of the joints shown in the figure represents a condyloid joint?

a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

41) Which of the joints shown in the figure only permits back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the articulating bones?

a) A b) B c) C d) Both A and B e) Both A and C Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

42) Which of the joints shown in the figure only permits back-and-forth and side-to-side movements between the articulating bones?

a) A b) B c) C d) Both A and B e) Both A and C Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.6 Describe the six subtypes of synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints

43) Which type of joint permits this type of movement?

1. Synovial joint 2. Cartilaginous joint 3. Fibrous joint a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) Both 1 &2 e) Both 2 & 3 Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

44) Which of the panels in the figure shows a movement called lateral flexion?

a) B b) F c) G d) D e) C Answer: c Difficulty: Easy Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

Question type: Essay

45) Describe the general effects that aging has on joints. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.14 Explain the effects of aging on joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.9 Aging and Joints Solution: changes in joints due to aging include: production of synovial fluid decreases; articular cartilage thins; ligaments shorten and lose flexibility; osteoarthritis develops from wear and tear;

bone becomes exposed at joints, and spurs form and the synovial membrane becomes inflamed. These changes lead to decreases in the range of motion of joints.

46) List and briefly describe the three common types of arthritis. Answer: Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.16 Describe the disorders that affect joints. Section Reference 1: Sec Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect Joints Solution: 1. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks cartilage and joint linings, causing swelling, pain, and loss of function. Bones may fuse, making them immovable. 2. Osteoarthritis results from deterioration of articular cartilage due to wear and tear. Bone spurs are often formed leading to restricted movement of the joint. 3. Gouty arthritis occurs due to deposition of uric acid crystals in soft tissues of joints, which irritates and erodes cartilage causing painful inflammation.

Question type: Multiple Choice

47) Which of the following types of movement is shown in diagram E?

a) supination b) circumduction c) pronation d) rotation e) adduction Answer: e

Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Section Reference 1: Sec 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints

48) Which of the following labeled panels in the figure shows hyperextension?

a) C b) E c) F d) G e) I Answer: a Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 9.5 Describe the types of movements that can occur at synovial joints. Sectio...