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Visual Anatomy and Physiology, 3e (Martini) Chapter 9 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is not a recognized function of skeletal muscle? A) produce movement B) maintain posture C) maintain body temperature D) guard body entrances and exits E) controlled involuntarily Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 2) Which of the following statements is incorrect? A) The contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton. B) Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. C) Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. D) Skeletal muscles support the weight of some internal organs. E) Skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 3) Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for A) conduction. B) contraction. C) peristalsis. D) cushioning. E) None of the answers is correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 4) The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the A) tendon. B) epimysium. C) endomysium. D) perimysium. E) fascicle. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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5) Nerves and blood vessels that service the muscle fibers are located in the connective tissues of the A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) sarcolemma. D) sarcomere. E) myofibrils. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 6) The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the A) endomysium. B) perimysium. C) epimysium. D) superficial fascia. E) periosteum. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 7) The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n) A) fascicle. B) tendon. C) ligament. D) epimysium. E) myofibril. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 8) Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers A) lack a plasma membrane. B) have many nuclei. C) are very small. D) lack mitochondria. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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9) The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to A) contract. B) produce more ATP with little oxygen. C) store extra DNA for metabolism. D) produce large amounts of the muscle proteins needed for muscle contraction. E) All of the answers are correct. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 10) Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called A) sarcomeres. B) myofibrils. C) myoblasts. D) fascicles. E) myomeres. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 11) At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium, come together to form a A) tendon. B) satellite cell. C) ligament. D) tenosynovium. E) sheath. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 12) Individual muscle cells are surrounded by what connective tissue? A) endomysium B) perimysium C) sarcolemma D) sarcomere E) myofibrils Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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13) ________ are stem cells located between the endomysium and sarcolemma that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue. A) Myosatellite cells B) Myofilaments C) Myofibrils D) Multinucleate cells E) Myoblasts Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 14) The plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is called the A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcosome. D) sarcoplasmic reticulum. E) sarcoplasm. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 15) Which of the following best describes the sarcoplasmic reticulum? A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils C) storage and release site for calcium ions D) thin filaments are anchored here E) largely made of myosin molecules Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 16) The repeating contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the A) sarcolemma. B) sarcomere. C) sarcoplasmic reticulum. D) myofibril. E) myofilament. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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17) Each skeletal muscle fiber contains ________ myofibrils. A) 50 to 100 B) 100 to 150 C) 150 to 200 D) 200 to 500 E) hundreds to thousands Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 18) The region of the sarcomere containing the thick and thin filaments is the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) A band. E) I band. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 19) The region of the sarcomere that always contains only thin filaments is the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) A band. E) I band. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 20) The area in the center of the A band that contains no thin filaments is the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) I band. E) zone of overlap. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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21) The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of A) actin, myosin, and sarcomeres. B) a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae. C) filaments, myofibrils, and muscle fibers. D) A bands, H bands, and I bands. E) a terminal cisterna and two transverse tubules. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

Figure 9-1 22) Which of the following is not found in the structure labeled "3"? A) actin B) myosin C) titin D) tropomyosin E) mitochondria Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 23) Where are the myosin molecules located? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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24) Identify the structures labeled "1." A) mitochondria B) glycogen C) ATP D) myofibril E) synaptic vesicle Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 25) What is released from the structure labeled "9"? A) sodium B) acetylcholine C) proteins D) calcium ions E) acetylcholinesterase Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 26) Where would calcium ions be predominately found? A) 1 B) 2 C) 4 D) 8 E) 9 Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 27) What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"? A) release of acetylcholine B) conduction of the action potential toward the triad C) acetylcholinesterase breakdown of acetylcholine D) release of proteins into the muscle fiber E) the sliding of actin and myosin filaments Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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28) Identify the structure where ATP is produced. A) 6 B) 7 C) 1 D) 3 E) 2 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 29) Where is ATP is consumed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 7 E) 8 Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 30) Which statement about the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers is not true? A) Tubular extensions of the sarcolemma penetrate the fiber transversely. B) Cross striations result from the lateral alignment of thick and thin filaments. C) Each fiber has many nuclei. D) Muscle fibers are continuous from tendon to tendon. E) Multiple myofibrils link end-to-end along length of the muscle cell. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 31) The complex of a transverse tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae is known as a(n) A) free head. B) zone of overlap. C) M line. D) triad. E) sarcomere. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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32) Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for A) muscle fatigue. B) the conduction of neural stimulation to the muscle fiber. C) muscle contraction. D) muscle relaxation. E) the striped appearance of skeletal muscle. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 33) In a sarcomere, thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the A) Z line. B) M line. C) H band. D) A band. E) I band. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 34) Which of the following best describes the term "Z line"? A) protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils C) storage site for calcium ions D) where thin filaments are anchored E) largely made of myosin molecules Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 35) Each thin filament consists of A) two protein strands coiled helically around each other. B) chains of myosin molecules. C) six molecules in a rod-like structure. D) a rod-shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end. E) a double strand of myosin molecules. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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36) Which of the following best describes the term titin? A) substance that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle B) repeating unit of striated myofibrils C) storage site for calcium ions D) where thin filaments are anchored E) largely made of myosin molecules Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 37) At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by A) myosin molecules. B) troponin molecules. C) tropomyosin molecules. D) calcium ions. E) ATP molecules. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 38) At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by A) actin molecules. B) myosin molecules. C) troponin molecules. D) ATP molecules. E) calcium ions. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 39) Which of the following proteins is not found as a part of thin filaments? A) actin B) tropomyosin C) troponin D) nebulin E) titin Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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40) Physical evidence that supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction includes A) constant distance between Z lines during contraction. B) decreased width of the H band during contraction. C) increased width of the I band during contraction. D) decreased width of the A band during contraction. E) the I band and H band distance is constant during contraction. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 41) When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts, which of the following does not occur? A) The H bands and I bands get smaller. B) The zones of overlap get larger. C) The Z lines get closer together. D) The width of the A band remains constant. E) Myosin and actin filaments decrease in length. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 42) Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber A) lengthens. B) shortens. C) strengthens. D) weakens. E) There is insufficient information to determine the answer. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying 43) The structural explanation of how a muscle fiber contracts is called the A) myosin spiral theory. B) thin filament theory. C) sliding filament theory. D) cross-bridge connection. E) active site rule. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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44) Cross-bridges are portions of A) actin molecules. B) myosin molecules. C) troponin molecules. D) tropomyosin molecules. E) calcium ions. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 45) Cellular membrane potential is measured in A) milliseconds. B) micrometers. C) Hertz. D) millivolts. E) amperes. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 46) Membrane potential is A) a chemical signal that has not yet bound to a receptor. B) a cell's capacity to respond to a chemical signal. C) the electrical gradient of a cell. D) the site of signal transfer between two cells. E) the period when the membrane cannot respond to another stimulus. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 47) Which of the following is an ion that is more concentrated inside the cell than outside? A) sodium B) chloride C) hydrogen D) calcium E) potassium Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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48) The Na+/K+ ion pump is responsible for A) diffusing chloride across the plasma membrane. B) transferring messages from enzyme-linked receptors to the cell nucleus. C) maintaining the sodium/potassium concentration gradients constant. D) initiating action potentials. E) amplifying signals using ATP. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 49) Na+ and K+ both use ________ to passively diffuse across the plasma membrane. A) facilitated diffusion B) exocytosis C) voltage-gated channels D) leak channels E) carrier-mediated transport Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 50) During the ________ phase of action potential development, voltage-gated sodium channels are open. A) repolarization B) depolarization C) refractory D) threshold Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 51) If potassium channels were blocked, the ________ phase of the action potential would not occur normally. A) repolarization B) depolarization C) refractory D) threshold Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing

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52) If the membrane potential of a neuron is -80 mV, it is A) at resting potential. B) at threshold. C) depolarized. D) repolarized. E) hyperpolarized during the refractory period Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying 53) Neurons and ________ have electrically excitable membranes that propagate action potentials. A) osteocytes B) muscle cells C) epithelial cells D) proteins E) dense connective tissue Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 54) Which of the following statements is not true about action potentials? A) They can travel long distances within cells. B) They occur in neurons. C) They end in repolarization. D) They can be generated in less than 2 msec. E) They can travel in two directions. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 9.5 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 55) Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single A) synaptic knob. B) sarcomere. C) neuromuscular junction. D) synaptic cleft. E) transverse tubule. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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56) The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the A) synaptic knob. B) motor end plate. C) motor unit. D) synaptic cleft. E) M line. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 57) Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the A) synaptic knob. B) motor end plate. C) sarcomere. D) synaptic cleft. E) transverse tubule. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 58) The action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by A) motor end plates. B) neuromuscular junctions. C) transverse tubules. D) triads. E) sarcoplasmic reticulum. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 59) In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases A) acetylcholine. B) sodium ions. C) potassium ions. D) calcium ions. E) hydrogen ions. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering

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60) Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released by ________ when the action potential arrives. A) endocytosis B) apoptosis C) exocytosis D) hydrolysis E) sodium Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 61) The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular synaptic terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter A) epinephrine. B) norepinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) antidiuretic hormone. E) acetylcholinesterase. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 62) When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the end plate membrane becomes A) more permeable to sodium ions. B) less permeable to sodium ions. C) more permeable to calcium ions. D) less permeable to potassium ions. E) repolarized. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 63) Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after A) acetylcholine binds to chemically gated channels in the motor end plate membrane. B) acetylcholinesterase binds to receptors on the end plate. C) calcium ion binds to channels on the end plate. D) the nerve action potential jumps across the neuromuscular junction. E) Any of these actions can produce an action potential in the muscle cell. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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64) How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle? A) It would make the muscles more excitable. B) It would produce uncontrolled muscle spasms. C) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax). D) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract). E) It would have little effect on skeletal muscles. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing 65) How would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plate affect skeletal muscle? A) It would make the muscles less excitable. B) It would produce muscle weakness. C) It would cause spastic paralysis (muscles are contracted and unable to relax). D) It would cause flaccid paralysis (muscles are relaxed and unable to contract). E) It would have little effect on skeletal muscles. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing 66) Which process employs exocytosis? A) facilitated diffusion B) chemical synapse C) depolarization D) antagonist binding E) cross-bridge formation Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding 67) Excitation-contraction coupling is the A) sliding of thin filaments past thick filaments during muscle fiber contraction. B) refractory period of an action potential. C) threshold period of an action potential. D) sequence of processes that links the action potential to contraction. E) transfer of ACh into the synaptic cleft. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding

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68) Communication between axons and muscle fibers occurs at specialized synapses called A) junctional folds. B) neuromuscular junctions. C) motor end plates. D) active sites. E) Z lines. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.6 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 69) When calcium ion binds to troponin, A) tropomyosin moves into the groove between the helical actin strands. B) active sites on the myosin are exposed. C) troponin shifts to expose the active sites on actin. D) muscle relaxation occurs. E) myosin shortens. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 70) The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is A) active transport of calcium across the sarcolemma. B) active transport of calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C) active transport of calcium into the synaptic cleft. D) diffusion of calcium out of the cell. E) diffusion of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 9.7 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering 71) Which of the following become connected by myosin cross-bridges during muscle contraction? A) thin filaments and thick filaments B) thick filaments and titin filaments C) Z disks and actin filaments D) thick filaments and T tubule...