Chapter2.3Notes PDF

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This is Chapter 2.3 Notes- Printmaking...

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2.3 Printmaking Four main printing processes: 1. Relief- artist cuts/carves into a workable surface to create the image. The printmaker rolls ink onto the raised surface that remains, presses a sheet of paper or similar material onto the image to make an impression. 2. Intaglio- artists cut/scrape into what is usually a metal plate. Ink is applied and then wiped off the surface, leaving ink in the lines or marks made by the artist. The pressure of the printing press transfers the image from plate to paper. 3. Lithography- image is drawn w/ oily crayon onto a special kind of limestone. The non-image area of the stone absorbs a little water, but enough so that when the printmaker applies oil-based ink to the whole stone, the ink remains only on the image area. The image transfers to paper in the printing press. 4. Serigraphy- silkscreen printing- physically blocks out non-image areas so that ink passes through the screen only where required. Relief Printmaking: Process: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

An image is designed and is prepared for transfer to the block surface The image is now transferred to the block The surface area that will not be printed is carved away The remaining protruding surface is carefully inked The raised inked area is transferred to the surface to be printed

Woodcuts- wood has been used for relief prints because it is readily available, familiar to work w/ and holds up under the pressure exerted by the printing process.

Linocut:  Linoleum printmaking, similarly to the woodblock method is done by carving into the surface of a material, then printing the raised surface left behind. The resulting prints are commonly known as linocuts.  Linoleum is softer than most woodblocks and does not show a wood grain, printmakers prefer it for relief printing. Intaglio Printmaking:  Intaglio is derived from an Italian word that means “cut into” a surface.  Artists uses a sharp tool (a burin) to cut or gouge into a plate made of metal.  Differs from relief printmaking because little of the base material is removed Engraving Process: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 

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An image is designed for the plate Using a sharp tool, the artist incises the image into the plate The plate is inked The surface of the plate is wiped, removing all ink except in the grooves Paper is placed on the plate and it is pressed The paper lifts the ink out of the grooves and the ink is imprinted on the paper The final image is complete (in most printmaking methods the final image is reversed form the plate or block) Drypoint intaglio- artists raises a burr when gouging the printing plate. - Leaves rough edges, less precise lines and more irregularities - Expressionists artists chose drypoint because its slightly uneven quality of line expresses unpredictability and an organic naturalness Etching intaglio- a process that uses acid to bite (or etch) the engraved design into the printing surface. - Artists does not score a hard metal plate but makes small incisions, which allows for greater control in incorporating subtle changes of dark or light lines that affect value.

 Aquatint- an intaglio printmaking process that uses melted rosin or spray paint to create an acid-resistant ground  Mezzotint- an intaglio printmaking process based on roughening the entire printing plate to accept ink; the artist smooths non-image areas. Collagraphy: Collagraphy- a type of relief print that is created by building up or collaging material on or to a stiff surface, inking that surface, then printing

Lithography:  Lithography (from the Greek for stone writing) is traditionally done on stone  Known as planographic printmaking technique- print made from entirely flat surface, rather than one that is carved or otherwise modified.  Some artists like lithography because it allows them to draw a design in the same way they do a drawing  Process: 1. The artists designs the image to be printed 2. Using a grease pencil, the design is drawn onto the limestone, blocking the pores 3. The stone is treated with acid and other chemicals that are brushed onto its surface. Then the surface is wiped clean with a solvent, such as kerosene 4. The stone is sponged so that water can be absorbed into the pores of the stone 5. Oil-based ink is repelled by the water and sits only on areas where the oil crayon image was drawn 6. Paper is laid on the surface of the stone and it is drawn through a press 7. The print is removed from the stone 8. The completed image appears in reverse compared with the original design.

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Serigraphy (Silkscreen Printing):  Planographic printing process- capable of placing a heavy coverage of ink on a wide variety of surfaces, from printed circuit boards to packaging, from solar panels to T-shirts.  Silkscreen printing produces “right-reading” reproductions of the original artwork.  Uses a stencil process Editions  Prints are produced in limited numbers of identical impressions, called editions  The printmaker has the ethical responsibility for making sure each print is similar enough to the others so that each person who buys a print has a high-quality image  When a print is deemed identical to others in the edition, it is assigned a number in the production sequence. EX: a print marked 2/25 is the second print in an edition of twenty-five.

Monotypes and Monoprints: - A monotype image prints from a polished plate. The artist puts no permanent marks on it. They make an image on it in ink or another medium, then wipe away the ink in places where the artist wants the paper to show through. The image is then printed. Only one impression is possible. - Monoprints can be made using any print process. The artist prepares the image for printing but will ink or modify each impression in a unique way. If two prints are identical, they are not monoprints.

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