Chapters 3&4v3 PDF

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chapters 3 and 4...

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Name: Jessica Kling Chapters 3 & 4 Please define the following terms as they are discussed in the text. 1. Omission: leaving out a word or phrase that the listener expects to hear 2. Plagiarism: the unattributed use of another person's ideas, words, or patterns of organization 3. Post Hoc Fallacy The Latin meaning, “after this, therefore because of this" which is an error in causal reasoning in which a speaker mistakenly assumes that because one even follows another, the first event is the cause of the second.

4. Ad-populum fallacy A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute

5. Hearing The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain and it can happen without listening.

6. Listening Paying close attention and making sense of what we hear. It cannot happen without hearing.

7. Describe three ways in which a speaker can present untruthful information. 1. Half truth, is when the speaker reveals only part of the truth. 2. False inference is when a speaker presents information that leads listeners to an incorrect conclusion 3. Omission is presenters mislead the audience not by not saying what they expect to hear.

8. Define ethics, and explain the difference between ethical absolutism and situational ethics. Ethics is the rules and values that a group defines to guide that distinguish right and wrong. Ethical absolutism is the belief that people should exhibit the same behavior in all situations. Situational ethics say that correct behavior can vary depending on the situation at hand.

9. Name and describe the 6 culprits behind poor listening. Unprocessed note taking is taking word-for-word notes without thinking about what you're writing down Argumentative listening is listening only as much as they need to fuel their own arguments Nonlistening is simply not paying attention to what you're hearing Interruptive listening is one person consistently interrupts another Agenda driven listening is focusing so much on what comes next in the speech you pay little attention to audience members Nervous listening is the feeling compelled to talk through silences

10. Explain 3 guidelines for listening when you are in the audience. Guidelines for listening in the audience include courtesy, open-mindedness, and willingness to hold a speaker accountable for his or her statements.

11. Define plagiarism, and explain the importance of properly citing your sources. Plagiarism is the use of another person’s ideas, words or organizations, the importance of citing sources is so that you do not get credit for something that is someone else’s.

Bonus (4 points maximum):

1. Give an example of a practice that is legal but is not necessarily ethical.

2. Give an example of a practice that may be ethical but is not legal....