CHE506 - Lab Report On Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor In Series (L2) (2018) PDF

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CHE506) NAME : NURLINA SYAHIIRAH BINTI MD TAHIR STUDENT NO : 2017632214 GROUP : EH2204I EXPERIMENT : CSTR IN SERIES DATE PERFORMED : 1st OCTOBER 2018 SEMESTER :5 PROGRAMME / CODE : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING / EH220 SUBM...

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CHE506 - Lab Report On Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor In Series (L2) (2018) Nurlina Syahiirah

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN KIMIA REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY (CHE506) NAME STUDENT NO GROUP EXPERIMENT DATE PERFORMED SEMESTER PROGRAMME / CODE SUBMIT TO No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

: NURLINA SYAHIIRAH BINTI MD TAHIR : 2017632214 : EH2204I : CSTR IN SERIES : 1st OCTOBER 2018 :5 : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING / EH220 : DR FARID MULANA

Title Abstract/Summary Introduction Aims Theory Apparatus Methodology/Procedure Results Calculations Discussion Conclusion Recommendations Reference Appendix TOTAL MARKS

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 3

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INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 4

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OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................... 5

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THEORY ....................................................................................................................... 6

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MATERIALS & APPARATUS ................................................................................... 9

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METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 10

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RESULTS .................................................................................................................... 11

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CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................................... 18

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DISCUSSION .............................................................................................................. 23

10.0 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 26 11.0 RECOMMENDATIONS............................................................................................ 27 12.0 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 28 13.0 APPENDIX .................................................................................................................. 29

LAB REPORT ON CSTR IN SERIES (L2)

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1.0

ABSTRACT

Residence Time Distribution (RTD) Function, E(t) for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor is study in the experiment using SOLTEQ BP107 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors in Series with step change input as the method of injection of tracer. The tracer is allowed to flow for five minutes before the reading at t = 0 min is taken as the initial concentration of tracer. Then, every 3 minutes the reading of the conductivity is taken for the three CSTRs in series. Three moments is determined to shows the behaviour of the RTD Function in the CSTR. The mean residence time for reactor 1, reactor 2 and reactor 3 is 7019.2579 min, 6790.2629 min and 2800.8597 min respectively. The variance for reactor 1, reactor 2 and reactor 3 is 20438359621.3811 min2, 22920136968.7755 min2 and 1794345612.9332 min2, respectively. The skewness for reactor 1, reactor 2 and reactor 3 is -2647659.9356 min3, -2633166.2558 min3 and -571150.8412 min3, respectively. All the reactors show negative skewness. The C(t) curve, F(t) curve and E(t) curve is successfully plotted against time for all three reactors.

LAB REPORT ON CSTR IN SERIES (L2)

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INTRODUCTION

The Equipment used in the experiment is SOLTEQ BP107 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors in Series. This experiment is done primarily to study the effect of step input in the mixing process inside the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor. There are three different types of CSTR presence in the equipment. Reactor 1 and Reactor 2, both have two impellers but differ in the arrangement of the impellers. Reactor 3 also have impeller but also presence of metal coil inside the reactor. The material used for the experiment is salt solution, NaCl and deionized water where NaCl act as the tracer. The concentration of any substance in the effluent stream is identical to the concentration throughout the reactor for an ideal CSTR. Stagnants regions or dead volume usually occur inside a CSTR. In these regions there is approximately litter or no exchange of material with the well mixed regions. Thus, no reaction occurs at the regions. In order to counter the non-ideality that happening in real reactors, a higher level of approximation method is used which involves the use of the macromixing information called RTD. The residence time distribution is used to describe the non-ideality happening inside the reactor system. The three most common moments used to describe the residence distribution function, E(t) is the mean residence time, variance and the skewness.

LAB REPORT ON CSTR IN SERIES (L2)

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OBJECTIVES

The following are the objectives for the experiment: 1) To determine the conductivity of CSTR in series. 2) To plot graph of conductivity against time for CSTR in series. 3) To examine the effect of Step Input in CSTRs in series. 4) To construct the residence time distribution (RTD) function for the reactors. 5) To determine the moments for the RTD function for the reactors.

LAB REPORT ON CSTR IN SERIES (L2)

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THEORY

The Residence – Time Distribution (RTD) inside the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (BP107) shows the characteristic of the mixing of reactants that occurs inside the reactor. Inside the reactor, the reactants are continually consumed as the reactant flow along the length of the reactor. The residence -time distribution function is represent in a plotted graph of E(t) as a function of time. This function shows in a quantitative manner of how much time the mixed fluid stays inside the reactor before leaving the reactor.

Figure 1 - E(t) curve and F(t) Curve For Ideal CSTR RTD is determined experimentally by injecting chemically inert substance known as tracer into the reactor at t = 0 and measuring the concentration of the tracer at the effluent stream as a function of time (Fogler, 2006). The two most common methods of injecting tracer into the reactor are pulse input and step input.

Step Change Input In Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

Figure 2 - Typical Concentration – Time Curve At The Inlet And Outlet Stream For Step Change Input

LAB REPORT ON CSTR IN SERIES (L2)

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A constant rate of tracer is added to the feed that is initiated at time t = 0. Thus, the inlet concentration of the tracer, Co is constant with time. From this experiment, the cumulative distribution can be determined directly, F(t). Co(t) =

0

t...