Cholinergic-anticholinergic PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Cholinergic-anticholinergic PDF

Description

Muscarinic (Affects Parasympathetic Nervous System) Muscarinic Agonists (Cholinergic)

Muscarinic Antagonists (Anticholinergic)

Action: Activates muscarinic receptors by mimicking Action: Blocks acetylcholine, prevents activation of receptor acetylcholine Effects :↑ GI motility, ↑ gland secretions, ↓ heart rate, contract bronchi, contract bladder detrusor to assist with voiding, dilate blood vessel

Effects : :↓ GI motility, ↓ gland secretions, ↑ heart rate, relaxes bronchi, relaxes bladder detrusor (decrease voiding of bladder)

Prototype Drug: Bethanechol

Prototype: Atropine

Uses: urinary retention

Uses: Preanesthesia to decrease secretions, prevent bradycardia; ophthalmic procedures; bradycardia; intestinal hypermotility; muscarinic agonist poisoning

Nicotinic (n) Nicotinic (m) Muscarinic

Alpha 1 Alpha 2 Beta 1 Beta 2 Dopamine

Adrenergic (Affects Sympathetic Nervous System) Adrenergic Agonists

Adrenergic Antagonists

Action: promote norepinephrine release, block norepinephrine reuptake & block norepinephrine inactivation

Action: inhibit the action of epinephrine & norepinephrine

Effects: (Mimic sympathetic nervous system): ↑ heart rate, ↑ blood pressure, ↑ breathing rate, dilate pupil

Effects: depends on whether it’s αlpha blockers or ßeta blockers

TREATMENT α1 – nasal decongestion, lower BP, local anesthesia, hemostasis α2 – pain, ADHD, hypertension ß1 cardiac arrest, HF, shock, AV heart block ß2 – asthma, delay preterm labor Subtype α1 – vasoconstriction, mydriasis, hemostasis

TREATMENT Adrenergic αlpha: treat hypertension. BPH, raynaud’s disease, pheochromocytomia, reversal of alpha1 agonist toxicity Adregernic ßeta: angina, hypertension, dysrhythmias, MI, HF Subtype αlpha blockers: dilate blood vessels, ↓ BP, ↓ cardiac output, ↓ smooth muscle contraction

α2 – inhibit norepinephrine, reduce blood flow to heart ß1 ↑ heart contraction + tissue perfusion

ßeta blockers: ↓ heart rate, ↓ forced contraction, ↓ impulse conduction, ↓ reduce pain, can cause hypoglycemia

ß2 – lungs + heart- bronchial dilation, relaxes uterus to delay preterm labor, can cause hyperglycemia in diabetics αlpha agonist: phenylephrine,

αlpha blockers (ends in ‘sin’): prazosin, tamsulosin

ßeta agonist: terbutaline, isoproterenol, dobutamine, albuterol

ßeta blockers (ends in lol) : propanalol, metaprolol, carvedilol

epinephrine - ↑cardiac output + BP, suppress glottal edema...