Civet & Musk & Ambergris PDF

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Summary

Lecture 4 Drugs of Animal Origin 7. CivetSource Civet or civet musk, is the glandular secretion produced by civet (Viverridae). Civettictis civetta of Ethiopia, and Viverra zibetha and Viverricula indica of India, Malaya, Indochina, and Indonesia yield civet oil. Production Both male and female cive...

Description

Lecture 4 Drugs of Animal Origin 7. Civet Source -

Civet or civet musk, is the glandular secretion produced by civet (Viverridae).

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Civettictis civetta of Ethiopia, and Viverra zibetha and Viverricula indica of India, Malaya, Indochina, and Indonesia yield civet oil.

Production -

Both male and female civets produce the strong-smelling secretion.

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It is harvested by either killing the animal or removing the glands, or by scraping the secretions from the glands of a live animal.

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The latter is the preferred method today.

Properties -

Civet is a soft, almost liquid material.

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It is pale yellow when fresh, darkening in the light and become ointment-like in consistency.

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Its odor is strong, even putrid when pure, but once diluted it is pleasantly and sweetly aromatic.

Composition -

The chemical in civet oil that gives it most of its distinctive odor is civetone (2.5 to 3.4%).

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It also contains various other ketones such as cyclopentadecanone, cyclohexadecanone, cycloheptadecanone, and 6-cis-cycloheptadecenone.

Civetone Uses -

Civet has a different odor from musk and was formerly a versatile ingredient of fine fragrances.

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It is being replaced by a synthetic compound, 5-cyclohexadecen-1-one (Ambretone).

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Civet absolute is used as a flavor and in perfumery.

8. Musk Source -

Musk is the dried secretion from the preputial follicles of the musk deer, Moschus moschiferus, Family Moschidae.

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This small dear is found in in Nepal, Tibet, India, Pakistan, China, Siberia and Mongolia.

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The musk-containing sacs are known as pods.

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They are about 5-7 cm in diameter, weigh up to 30 g and contain about half of their weight of musk.

Production -

The musk pod is normally obtained by killing the male deer through traps laid in the wild.

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Upon drying, the reddish-brown paste inside the musk pod turns into a black granular material called "musk grain", which is then tinctured with alcohol.

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The aroma of the tincture gives a pleasant odor only after it is considerably diluted.

Composition

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When distilled musk yields about 1.4% of dark brown volatile oil, the main odorous constituent of which is muscone.

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Other constituents of musk are steroidal hormones, muscopyridine, and other alkaloids and peptides.

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A synthetic compound, which differs from muscone only in the absence of methyl group, is cyclopentadecanone.

Muscone -

Most other synthetic musk substitutes have little chemical similarity to the natural product.

Uses -

Musk acts as fixative and is an important ingredient of many high class perfumes.

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It is antioxidant, antifungal, antiseptic and antimicrobial, astringent, aromatic and antitoxic/purifying/hydrating agent.

9. Ambergris Source -

Ambergris is a pathological product found in the intestine of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon) or cast by them in to the sea.

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Ambergris floats and washes ashore most frequently on the coasts of China, Japan, Africa, and the Americas and on tropical islands such as the Bahamas.

Properties -

Ambergris is black and soft and has a disagreeable odor.

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When exposed to sun, air, and seawater, however, it hardens and fades to a light gray or yellow, developing a subtle and pleasant fragrance in the process.

Composition -

It contains alkaloids, acids, and a specific compound called ambreine (25%).

Ambereine -

Some chemical components of ambergris are now produced synthetically.

Uses -

This a very expensive substance used in perfumery

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It has a fragrant musk-like odor but the main value lies in the fact that it has subtle effect on the fine perfumes and give them great tenacity or persistence of odor....