Class notes for Law of Persons for full year PDF

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PRIVATE LAW 171 – STUDY NOTESStudy Unit 1: Definition of Concepts and Terminology1 OBJECTIVE LAW – the natural laws of the country  Norms and prescriptions  Subdivided into private and public law  Public law – legal rules that apply when the government acts with state authority  Private law – le...

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PRIVATE LAW 171 – STUDY NOTES Study Unit 1: Definition of Concepts and Terminology 1.1 OBJECTIVE LAW – the natural laws of the country  Norms and prescriptions  Subdivided into private and public law  Public law – legal rules that apply when the government acts with state authority  Private law – legal rules that apply to a variety of legal relationships in which the acting person is called a legal subject 1.2 SUBJECTIVE RIGHTS  A network of legal relationships amongst legal subjects  Only if there is an object involved  Legal objects – 4 categories: 1. Things – movable and immovable property 2. Performance – service; something that is done 3. Immaterial property – intellectual property; ideas, music etc 4. Personality property – name, reputation, personal dignity etc 5. Personal immaterial property – earning capacity, credit worthiness 6. Trade secrets – how to make products 1.2.1 RIGHTS ATTACHED TO LEGAL OBJECTS Legal Object

Subjective Right

Example

Corporeal thing

Real right

Property right

Performance

Personal right

Right to claim payment

Immaterial property

Immaterial property right

Copyright

Personality property

Personality right

Right to a good name

1.3 CONNECTION?  Law determines the content and limit of every right  Objective determines subjective 2.1 THE LAW OF PERSONS  Part of the objective law  Regulates he coming into existence, legal status and coming to an end of a legal subject 2.1.1 PART OF THE OBJECTIVE LAW  Must be studied within the law of SA as a whole  Characteristics of legal rules from the objective law are positivised by an organ of state with the authority to lay down legal rules 2.1.2 COMING INTO EXISTENCE, COMING TO AN END OF A LEGAL SUBJECT (a) Who or what is a legal subject? - The carrier of juridical competencies, subjective rights and capacities 1. Natural Persons  South Africa – From moment of birth

Stellenbosch University 2011

Ceri Davidson 16567943

2 Roman-Dutch Law – slaves and deformed people (monstra) had no legal rights – were legal objects 2. Juristic Persons  A group or association (entity): e.g. University, church etc  Legal subject in terms of the law  Existence independent of members 3. Possible Recognition of Other Entities as Legal Subjects  Only allows natural and legal persons to be legal subjects (b) The Beginning and Coming to an End of a Legal Subject  Legal subjectivity starts at birth 2.1.3 PRIVATE LAW STATUS  Standing in the legal world  Individual’s role or function in legal intercourse (a) Legal Capacity  Capacity to hold office as a legal subject e.g. be a spouse, testator, company director etc  To have rights and obligations that result from holding such offices  All persons have legal capacity – may be limited e.g. have to be 16 to be a testator (b) Capacity to Act  Capacity to enter into legal transactions – capacity to conclude juridically relevant acts  Voluntary performance – wants to bring about a specific legal consequence  Lawful acts  Capacity to perform legally relevant acts - No capacity to act alone: infant - Limited capacity to act: minor - Full capacity to act: major (c) Capacity to Litigate  Legal competency which enables a person to act as a plaintiff, defendant, respondent or applicant in a private law suit - No capacity to act alone – cannot be sued in own name - Limited capacity to act – can sue or be sued in own name with the assistance of a parent or guardian to litigate on their behalf - Full capacity to litigate – unless mental capacity influences his/her status (d) Factors of Influence  Age  Mental Health  Prodigality  Domicile 

Study Unit 2: The Beginning of Legal Subjectivity 1.1 BIRTH  Legal subjectivity comes into existence at birth  Criminal Procedure Act 51 Section 239 - Child proved to have breathed; does not have to be separate from the mother - Do not need to prove that child died before, at or after birth - Only a living person can be killed – NB to determine the beginning of legal subjectivity 1.2 REGISTRATION OF BIRTHS

Stellenbosch University 2011

Ceri Davidson 16567943

3 Registration of Births and Deaths Act 51 Section 1 - Statutory duty to register births, compulsory according to administrative law - Birth = living birth – child deemed to have been born alive if there are any signs of life - No legal subjectivity – only register the birth  Common law - Completion of birth – must be separate from the mother - Any sign of life - Viability – considered but not a requirement  Registration of Births and Deaths Act 51 of 1992 - Birth of a child born alive - Register at the Department of Home Affairs - Within 30 days after the birth - By parent or someone trusted  Registration of Babies - Surrogacy – by donor parents - Family-less mother dies – guardian or caregiver - Abandoned people – social worker or empowered person (e.g. magistrate) - Name; surname; nationality; town  Why are children registered? - Child allowance given by the state  Surnames - Child born out of marriage – mother or father’s surname or a combination - Child born out of wedlock – given mother’s surname unless both parents give a written request for the father’s surname - Father has to be with a Home Affairs official to declare paternity in person - No combination of surnames  Name and Surname Restrictions - No symbols or numbers - Can change name: ...