CMSC421-midterm-review PDF

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CMSC 421: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Midterm Review

NOTICE OF RECORDING This sessions will be recorded for possible viewing by other instructors, students, and community members. If you continue to use your audio or video during this recording, your consent is implied. If you are not willing to have your voice or face recorded, you may opt to use only the chat feature. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) Maryland: two-party or all-party consent to record 2

Announcements •

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This Lecture • Midterm Review

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AI:MA's Table of Contents Wk

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2-4 s k W

Test #1 5-8 s k W

Test #2 -15 9 s Wk

Test #3/Final

I Artificial Intelligence 1 Introduction ... 1 2 Intelligent Agents ... 36 II Problem-solving 3 Solving Problems by Searching ... 63 4 Search in Complex Environments ... 110 5 Adversarial Search and Games ... 146 6 Constraint Satisfaction Problems ... 180 III Knowledge, reasoning, and planning 7 Logical Agents ... 208 8 First-Order Logic ... 251 9 Inference in First-Order Logic ... 280 10 Knowledge Representation ... 314 11 Automated Planning ... 344 IV Uncertain knowledge and reasoning 12 Quantifying Uncertainty ... 385 13 Probabilistic Reasoning ... 412 14 Probabilistic Reasoning over Time ... 461 15 Probabilistic Programming ... 500 16 Making Simple Decisions ... 528 17 Making Complex Decisions ... 562 18 Multiagent Decision Making ... 599

V Machine Learning 19 Learning from Examples ... 651 20 Learning Probabilistic Model C422 21 Deep Learning ... 750 C MS 22 Reinforcement Learning ... 789 VI Communicating, perceiving, and acting 23 Natural Language Processing ... 82 24 Deep Learning for Natural L C470 Processing ... 856 C MS C 4 2 6 25 Computer Vision ... 881 CMS 26 Robotics ... 925 VII Conclusions 27 Philosophy, Ethics, and Safety of AI .. 16 Wk 28 The Future of AI ... 1012 Appendix A: Mathematical Background ... 1023 Appendix B: Notes on Languages and Algorithms ... 1030 Bibliography ... 1033 (pdf and bib data) Index ... 1069 (pdf)

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Contents of the test • • • • • •

Agent Architecture Representing states, operators, etc Uninformed search (DFS, BFS, IDS) Informed search (Best First, A*, IDA*) Local search (HC, GD, SA, GA) Constraint satisfaction problems

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This picture shows alpha-beta pruning when done left-to-right. Exercises (1) calculate the min-max values at each node; (2) what's min-max at the root? (3) Perform alpha-beta pruning going from right-to-left

By Request Only

Propagating Constraints

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Arc Consistency

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Backjumping Backtracking: At dead end, backup to the most recent variable. Backjumping: At dead end, backup to the most recent variable that eliminated some value in the domain of the dead end variable. 18

Conflict-Directed Backjumping

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Backjumping Backtracking goes back one level in the search tree at a time • Chronological backtracking Not rational in cases where the previous step is not involved with the conflict Conflict-Directed Backjumping • Go back to a variable involved in the conflict • Skip several levels if needed to get there • Non-chronological backtracking

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How?

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Example uploaded on Piazza Also available at: http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~bgibson/cs540/ha ndouts/csp.pdf

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AI “Movie of the Week” (optional) 1. Metropolis (1927) ß WEDNESDAY SEPT 9

To create some community amid COVID….

2. The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) ß SEPT 16

The AI Movie Series!

3. Forbidden Planet (1956) ß Sept 23 4. 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) ß Sept 30 5. WarGames (1983) ß Oct 7 6. Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994) ß Oct 14 •

The Measure of a Man, S1:E9

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The Offspring, S3:E16

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Quality of Life, S6:E9

7. Blade Runner (1982; Director's Cut, 1992) ß Oct 21 8. The Matrix (1999) ß Oct 28 9. A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001) ß Nov 4 10. Wall-E (2008) ß Nov 11 11. Robot and Frank (2012) ß Nov 18

(1) Watch the film at your leisure (2) Join the informal lunch "zoom" chat with Bill "Roger Ebert wannabe" Regli WEDNESDAYS 12pm-1pm (3) Submit questions/observations/etc in advance or during (via Zoom) (4) Facilitated discussion… Roughly every week or so…

12. Her (2013) ß Dec 2 13. Ex Machina (2014) ß Dec 9 14. Chappie (2015) ß Dec 16

(Disclaimer: films may contain controversial topics and ideas; language/adult content; etc) 24

Movie of the week: Wed Oct 07 War Games (1983)

7.1/10 93% 77%

IMDB Rotten Tomatoes Metacritic

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Star Trek: The Next Generation (1987-1994), three key episodes (Oct 15) The Measure of a Man, S1:E9 The Offspring, S3:E16 Quality of Life, S6:E9

9.2 IMDB 8.5 IMDB 7.5 IMDB

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William Regli Director, Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence & Security Department of Computer Science, College of CMNS Institute for Systems Research, Clark School of Engineering The University of Maryland at College Park [email protected]; https://www.linkedin.com/in/bill-regli-083552/...