Compound Identification Anion and Cation Test Lab PDF

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report for lab 4...

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Name: Jorja Gallivan

Student #: 0668356

Partner Name: Holly Hodgson

Experiment Date: November 15th, 2019 CHEM1000H – LAB REPORT 4

1. Observations: Include ALL observations for each of the tests performed. Table 1: Tests for Known Anions Test

Known Test Solution

Initial Observations

Additional Observations

KCl

Clear

After HNO3 : White, less

Tube 1

opaque, formation of small chunks on surface. After NH3 was added :White, opaque 2

KBr

Clear

After HNO3 : white, no chunks. After NH3 : white, opaque, slight yellow hint, small chunks

3

KI

Clear

After HNO3 : white, cloudy. After NH3 : white with blue and yellow hints, cloudy

4

Na2SO4

Clear

After BaCl2 : white, cloudy

5

Na2CO3

Clear

After HCl : Clear with some bubbles indicating release of CO2 gas.

Table 2: Tests for Known Cations

Test

Known Test Solution

Initial Observations

Additional Observations

1

Al2(SO4)3

Clear / transparent

After NaOH : Cloudy, slightly white. After NH3: white, cloudy. Precipitate formed.

2

CaCl2

Clear / transparent

After NaOH : Somewhat cloudy. After NH3: less cloudy, almost clear

3

FeSO4

Yellow, cloudy

After NaOH : Very dark green, cloudy. After NH3 : even darker green with grey hints, almost black. Precipitate formed.

4

Fe2(SO4)3

Yellow / orange, clear

After NaOH : Dark orange, cloudy. After NH3 : dark orange / brown, chunky. Precipitate formed.

5

Co(NO3)2

Light pink, clear

After NaOH : teal, cloudy. After NH3 : darker teal, more green. Precipitate formed.

6

CuSO4

Light blue, clear

After NaOH : Bright light blue, cloudy. After NH3 : bright royal blue

7

ZnSO4

Clear

After NaOH : White, cloudy. After NH3 : white, cloudy

Tube

Table 3: Tests for Unknown Anions Test Tube

Test Solution Code

Initial Observations

Additional Observations

1

A1 - Hallide

Transparent, yellow / orange tint

Dark green, almost black, slightly chunky (precipitate formation)

2

A1 - Carbonate

Transparent, yellow / orange hint

Transparent with light orange tint

3

A1 - Sulphate

Transparent, yellow / orange tint

Slightly cloudy with a light orange tint

4

A2 - Hallide

Teal, clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, bright royal blue

5

A2 - Carbonate

Teal, clear / transparent

Dark blue, clear / transparent

6

A2 - Sulphate

Teal, clear / transparent

Light blue, cloudy

7

A3 - Halide

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, bit of precipitate floating within the solution

8

A3 - Carbonate

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, no changes

9

A3 - Sulphate

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, no changes

10

A4 - Halide

Clear / transparent

White, cloudy, bit of precipitate formation on the surface

11

A4 - Carbonate

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, no changes

12

A4 - Sulphate

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, no changes

13

A5 - Halide

Clear / transparent

White, cloudy, precipitate floating within the solution

14

A5 - Carbonate

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, no changes

15

A5 - Sulphate

Clear / transparent

Clear / transparent, no changes

Table 4: Tests for Unknown Cations Test Tube

Test Solution Code

Initial Observations

Additional Observations

1

A1

Slightly cloudy, yellow /

After NaOH : dark green,

orange

cloudy. After NH3 : lighter grey / green. Precipitate formed.

2

A2

Teal, clear

After NaOH : lighter teal, cloudy. After NH3 : dark / royal blue

3

A3

Clear

After NaOH : slightly cloudy. After NH3 : no change, remained slightly cloudy

4

A4

Clear

After NaOH : white, cloudy. After NH3 : slightly more white and more cloudy. Precipitate formed.

5

A5

Clear

After NaOH : white, cloudy. After NH3 : more white, more cloudy. Precipitate formed.

2. Complete the table with test results, explanations and the identity of unknown compound. Table 5: Results for 1st Unknown Unknown Solution code:

A1

Anion present

SO₄²⁻

Explanation based on anion test observations

Both the Na₂SO₄ and A1 started out clear / transparent, however became white and cloudy / opaque with no precipitate formation when BaCl₂ was added.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

SO₄²⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ + Ba²⁺ ➝ BaSO₄ ₍𝑠₎

Cation present

Fe²⁺

Explanation based on cation test observations

Both the FeSO₄ and A1 started out transparent / clear with a yellow hint in colour, then after the NaOH was added, both had a drastic change to a very dark green opaque colour that was almost black and the formation of precipitate occured.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Fe²⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ + OH⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ Fe(OH)₂

Identity of unknown solution

FeSO₄

3. Complete the table with test results, explanations and the identity of unknown compound. Table 6: Results for 2nd Unknown Unknown Solution code:

A2

Anion present

SO₄²⁻

Explanation based on anion test observations

Both the Na₂SO₄ and A2 started out transparent, A2 was a light teal and Na₂SO₄ was clear, then once the BaCl₂ was added, they both became cloudy / opaque.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

SO₄²⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ + Ba²⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ BaSO₄ ₍𝑠₎

Cation present

Cu²⁺

Explanation based on cation

Both A2 and CuSO₄ started out light blue / teal and clear / transparent, and became a bright, light, cloudy blue after the NaOH was added.

test observations

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Cu²⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ + OH⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ Cu(OH)₂ ₍𝑠₎

Identity of unknown solution

CuSO₄

4. Complete the table with test results, explanations and the identity of unknown compound. Table 7: Results for 3rd Unknown Unknown Solution code:

A3

Anion present

Cl⁻

Explanation based on anion test observations

Both A2 and KCl started out clear / transparent then changed to a milky white / opaque colour once the AgNO₃ was added. Once the NH₃ was added after, both solutions became less opaque.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Cl⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ + Ag⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ AgCl ₍𝑠₎

Cation present

Ca²⁺

Explanation based on cation test observations

Both A2 and CaCl₂ started out clear / transparent and became slightly cloudy after the NaOH was added.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Ca²⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ + OH⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ AgCl ₍𝑠₎

Identity of unknown solution

CaCl₂

5. Complete the table with test results, explanations and the identity of unknown compound. Table 8: Results for 4th Unknown Unknown Solution code:

A4

Anion present

Br⁻

Explanation based on anion test observations

Both the KBr solution and the A4 solution were white, cloudy / opaque, very slight yellow tint, formation of precipitate / chunks. This occurred after 6 drops of 0.10M AgNO3 was added.

Provide the net ionic equation

Br⁻ ₍𝑎𝑞₎ + Ag⁻ ₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ AgBr ₍𝑠₎

for test reaction Cation present

Al³⁺

Explanation based on cation test observations

Both the Al₂(SO₄)₃ solution and the A4 solution started out as clear / transparent, however when the 0.4M NaOH solution was added, both became cloudy and white with a bit of precipitate floating within the solutions.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Al³⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ + OH⁻ ₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ Al(OH)₃

Identity of unknown solution

AlBr₃

6. Complete the table with test results, explanations and the identity of unknown compound. Table 9: Results for 5th Unknown Unknown Solution code:

A5

Anion present

Br⁻

Explanation based on anion test observations

Both the KBr and A5 solutions started of clear / transparent, however when the AgNO₃ was added, both became white and cloudy and white precipitate formed.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Br⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ + Ag ⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ AgBr ₍𝑠₎

Cation present

Zn²⁺

Explanation based on cation test observations

Both the ZnSO₄ and the A5 solution started out clear / transparent, however when the 0.40M NaOH and NH₃ were added, both turned white and cloudy with a small amount or precipitate formation.

Provide the net ionic equation for test reaction

Zn²⁺₍𝑎𝑞₎ + 2OH₄⁻₍𝑎𝑞₎ ➝ Zn(OH)₂

Identity of unknown solution

ZnBr₂

References: ❑ Textbook- section or page number ❑ Blackboard- Chemistry 1000H ❑ Other (specify)...