Conditionals AND TIME Clauses PDF

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Es una breu explicació sobre els times clauses and conditionals...

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CONDITIONALS AND TIME CLAUSES THE CONDITIONAL SENTENCE A conditional sentence is made up of a main clause ( result) and a subordinate clause ( condition ). The conditional clause is preceded by “IF”. The order of the clauses in the sentence is interchangeable. I will get an umbrella if it rains Main clause (result) conditional clause

If it rains, I will get an umbrella > clauses are separated by a comma conditional clause

Main clause (result)

TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES There are four types of conditional sentences: ● 0 Conditional ● First Conditional ● Second Conditional ● Third Conditional THE ZERO CONDITIONAL Use To talk about facts and universal truths. The result always happens under the given condition. If you heat water, it boils If you drink too much vodka, you get drunk. Form You can use IF of WHEN in the zero conditional. You can use also UNLESS (=if not), “a menos que” If your heart stops, you die When your heart stops, you die Unless you have a driving licence, you can’t drive = If you don’t have a driving licence, you can’t drive If/When/Unless + present simple , present simple conditional clause

main clause ( result)

If your heart stops, you die

If

+

present simple ,

present simple

------------------------- , ------------condition result THE FIRST CONDITIONAL

THE SECOND CONDITIONAL

Use: we use the first conditional when the result is possible.

Use: Hypotheses, impossible or very unlikely situations

I’m in London and I don’t have an umbrella. I will get wet if it rains

I’m in the Sahara desert and I don’t have an umbrella. I would get wet if it rained

I’m saving money every week. If I save enough money, I will buy a new mobile phone

If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world

I’m in my last year, and I am very motivated. If I study hard, I will pass my exams

I’m studying a grade but I don’t like it all. It is not so difficult but I will give up. If I studied hard, I would pass my exams.

Forms If / Unless + present simple , will+verb condition result

Forms If + past simple , would+verb condition result

Example: If it rains, I will get wet Unless it rains, I won’t get wet

If I studied hard, I would pass my exams *the past simple is translated as our subjunctive, whereas “”would + verb” is translated as our conditional “Si estudiara mucho, aprobaría.”

Instead of “would”, we can use “could” or might”, but the possibility is even lower. If I studied hard, I could pass my exams If I studied hard, I might pass my exams

THE THIRD CONDITIONAL

Use: we use the third conditional when we talk about a condition that didn’t happen in the past. E.g,

If I had studied hard, I would have passed my exams ( I didn’t study and I have failed my exams) If I hadn’t been to that party, I wouldn’t have known my boyfriend ( I went to the party and I met my boyfriend there)

Form If + past perfect , would have + past participle condition result The past perfect is translated as our subjunctive perfect. Would have + past participle is translated as our conditional perfect.

E,.g. If I had studied hard, I would have passed my exams > Si hubiera estudiado mucho, habría aprobado los exámenes. Instead of “would have + participle”, we can use “could have + participle” or “might have + participle”. If I had studied hard, I could have passed my exams If I had studied hard, I might have passed my exams TIME CLAUSES Form: the same as the first conditional. Instead of “if”, we use a time expression as “as soon as, by the time, when, the moment that,” E.g.; I can’t answer the phone now. I will call her when I arrive home

WISH CLAUSES They are equivalent to our “ojalá…” There are three types of “wish” clauses: 1) wish/ if only + past simple Use: we use it when we have a wish about the present. Context: I need a car and I don’t have one. I wish I had a car > ojalá tuviera un coche… If only I had a car …

2) wish/ if only + past perfect

Use: we use it when we regret or complain about something in the past Context: Your friends bought a lottery ticket and they won. You didn’t buy it. I wish I had bought a lottery ticket > ojalá hubiese comprado lotería… If only I had bought a lottery ticket …

3) wish/ if only + would/could + verb Use: we use it when we express a desire for the future about a very unlikely situation. Context: You’d like to go to the Moon in the future, but you know you won’t be an astronaut. ( you wish something for yourself : could) I wish I could travel to the moon one day...> ojalá pudiera ir a la luna algún día... Context: you’d like your parents to live 120 years ( you wish something for someone else: “would” I wish my parents would live 120 years!...