Confessionalisation PDF

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Summary

Lecture notes for the Revolutionary Europe module. These notes cover the lecture on the topic of Confessionalisation ...

Description

Confessionalisation - Statement of your faith during the era was called a confession, a document that synthesises what people believe. • This is the era of confessions as the churches begin to split and break up.

- 4 phases • 1530-60- beginnings, emergence of structural blocs and the emergence of alliances and

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treaties - Divisions on the basis of religion - Isolated struggles between protestant and catholic powers, can be within city states, or cities, and between nations and powers. 1570s- confessional confrontation, the hardening of theological camps 1580-1620- the apogee, the emerge of conflicts and struggles in Europe 1620-48- the end of the war. - Thirty Years War • Fought on the basis of religious allegiance • Confessional victory was the basis. • European wide war, first of its kind. • Very destructive war, for Germany it devastated its cities, villages and farm land - 1648 peace of Westphalia, two confessional churches recognise the other, Lutherans, Catholics and Calvinism is brought together into legal parity. - 1648 is a turning point because it ends conflict with religion and creates secular war in Europe.

- Confessional imperialism • Mission to create a world wide spread of their religion. • Black-devils. Confessions of the faith

- Lutheranism: Confession of Augsburg (1530), Schmalkalidic Articles (1537), Book of Concord

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(1580) • To become a proper faith they produce the Confession of Augsburg which set out the principles of Lutheranism and what this means for those that sign up. Reformed: Heidelber Catechism (1563), Second Helvetic Confession (1566) Catholicism: Canons of Trent (1564), Tridentine Catechism (1566) Consequences • Rise of orthodoxy • Confessionalisation of faith • Foundations of religious identity • Creation of public religion • Rise of intolerance to dissenting religions. - Protestants and Catholics are looking out for each other, and protestants are looking out for other protestants to ensure that they are towing the line. Creation of a community of people that all follow the same thing •

Indoctrination

- Modes of indoctrination • Catechism • Sermons • Pastoral literature • Books of devotion • Hymns, slams

- Intentions • Uniform, orthodox religion • Harmony and unity • Conformity • Church identity • Doctrinal foundations - Printing Press • Cheap religious printing of books and pamphlets was able to spread different ideas much •

more easily through Europe. People were able to buy this in there shopping.

Religious division

- Europe became divide by different religions North/South and within countries. • Germany became a jumble of religions. • British Isles became split between Catholic Ireland, Calvinist Scotland and Anglican England. Religious conflict

- Religious Wars • Schmalkadic War (1547) - Catholic empire fighting against Luther • Dutch Revolt (1568-1648) - North of the Netherlands break away group of 7 provinces that became Calvinist and break away from the Catholic Spanish.

- Used scripture as a way to promote national identity, and an imagined community, a

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territory based on religion. French wars of religion (1562-98) • - Hugenots in France. - Civil war that was highly devastating • England and Spain (1588) • Thirty years war (1618-48) Religion as ideology • Religion fuels political ideology at the time, every decision is made with religion in the background, can’t get away from it. - Spain spreading Catholicism, believe they are doing this for god’s call (BS). - Justified through the bible. • Sense of origin and purpose • Justification for political action • Transforms international relations, Catholic v Protestants

Religions identity

- Narratives of oranges, sacral histories, chosen people • Explains the history of christian faith. - Sense of community • Wearing clothes became a way to show faith, a localised identity that can create local community with similar dress code and similar mannerisms.

- Creates divisions, enemies of the faith - Consolidates nations, communities. Consequences: Union of Church and State

- Ruler becomes head of church (quasi-bishop) • Fusion of the institutions - Fusion of secular and spiritual order/aims

• Reformation brought these two worlds together - Union of church and state, methods of governance, officials, institutions, legal codes - Fusions of methods of governance between government and through the church • Propoganda, - Theologisation (sacralisation) of rule Societal Change

- Reform of social welfare, poor laws, public begging, criminalisation, migration, hospitals, -

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orphanages • Practical social change Reform of marriage laws Reform of education: primary (vernacular) schools, latin schools, universities • This was major social change, wasn’t necessarily religion change (though religion would have had an impact in the school, education improvement was a bi-product of religious improvement. Reform of public morality Rise of christian (protestant) Utopianism. • Centre of the city was the church with the city coming around that, with the society built on the scriptures of the church. • Similar to villages in England and Wales where the church is in the centre of the town with others going around it.

Rise of Clerical Estate (middle class)

- Reform of clerical education • Educators of the middle class - Professionalisation: clergy as ministerial elite - Agents of church and state • Luther used to work for the church but afterwards he now works for the state. - Cultural agents at local level - Moral agents at local level: clerical families, clerical wives. • They were agents of moral and social change, upwards mobilisation, the establishment of the middle class Social Disciplinning

- Confessionally inspired social order • Not police men, but agents of the government that would make sure that everyone in society was towing their line.

• A lot of co-operation going on between those in society and the church/ state.

- Discipline as a mark of the church • Communities would police themselves, churches in Netherlands would have people write -

down on a blue piece of paper of anything that had happened in the week that week, anything that was to wrong the church would tackle. Enforced by church and state • Inquisition of the Catholic Church which had supreme authority over anyone that was brought before them. Uniform and unfixed Christian society Control of both behaviour and belief.

Confessional Culture: Protestantism and the world

- Reformation as printing revolution - Emphasis on verbal non-sensual communication - Rise of literacy

- Subjective, personal, internal forms of faith - Religious individualism Protestant History

- Scriptural identify - Break with the Catholic past - Re-writing of their history so that they don't have anything to do with the catholic Protestant Art

- Degrees of accommodation with art Lutherans and Anglicans more image friendly reformed - Art/ image cannot be object of worship - PPT...