Conservation of P Lab Report PDF

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Abstract: Julia Bianchini Procedures: Emily DeSena Data: Kailee Ham Conclusion: Edan Basid Hollwedel AP Physics Pd2 11 February 2022

Abstract: The objective of this lab was to prove the theory of the conservation of momentum by evaluating the velocity of each car before and after the collision occurred. The goal was to compare the values to see how the total momentum while the cars were at rest, was extremely close to the total value after the cars impacted each other. It is known that momentum is a vector quantity, meaning it points in the direction that the car is travelling, so in certain collision and crash types, there were negative values for the initial or total momentum which changed the equation used for finding the total momentum. These values were calculated by placing 2 carts on a dynamics track and pushing one cart to create various crashes based on the material that the car was interacting with. The results of this lab proved the conservation of momentum because there was found to be, on average, an 11% difference between the total momentum before and after the crash, accounting for human error.

Procedure: In this lab, 2 carts, a track, a computer: SPARKvue, and the dynamics track, were the materials used to test which types of collisions conserved momentum. To determine which collisions conserved momentum, we connected the two carts (through bluetooth) to the SPARKvue app on the computer, and selected Velocity1 and Velocity2 from the list of sensors. We then set the SPARKvue to the dynamics track to be able to collect the data with a velocity graph. Next, we positioned the carts so car B was in the middle of the track (at rest), while car A was placed at the end of the track. By pushing car A into car B, alternating the different combinations of collisions (mag./mag., mag./vel., ect.) each trial, we were able to record the data used to determine which types of collisions conserved momentum.

Data:

Magnet:

Velcro:

Combo:

Explosion:

Mass of cart 1 (kg)

Mass of cart 2 (kg)

.2713

.2705

1st Trial Bumper Type

Magnetic

Velcro

Combo

Explosion

Trial

Velocity of

Velocity of

Velocity of

Velocity of

cart 1 before

cart 2 before

cart 1 after

cart 2 after

collision

collision

collision

collision

(m/s)

(m/s)

(m/s)

(m/s)

M1

0.63

0

0

.599

M2

.68

0

0

.65

V1

.841

0

.39

.39

V2

.869

0

.41

.412

C1

.478

0

0.04

.364

C2

.508

0

.032

.388

E1

0

0

.622

(-).712

E2

0

0

.617

(-).706

2nd Trial Trial

p of cart 1 p of cart 2 P of cart

P of cart

Total p

Total p

%

before

before

1 after

2 after

before

after

difference

collision

collision

collision

collision

collision

collision

(%)

(kg m/s)

(kg m/s)

(kg m/s)

(kg m/s)

(kg m/s)

(kg m/s)

M1

.17

0

0

.16

.17

.16

6%

M2

.184

0

0

.175

.184

.175

5%

V1

.22

0

.1

.1

.22

.2

10%

V2

.235

0

.11

.11

.235

.22

7%

C1

.13

0

.01

.1

.13

.11

16%

C2

.137

0

.008

.1

.137

.108

22%

E1

0

0

.17

-.19

0

-.02

0%

E2

0

0

.167

-.19

0

-.023

0%

Finding P equation: P = m * v Finding the total P for before and after collision: P 1+P2= Total P Conclusion: The purpose of this lab was to prove the conservation of momentum theory by experimenting with collisions of two carts. We measured the momentum of the carts through the sparkVue app. Between all our experiments between magnet, velcro, combo and explosion momentum was conserved pretty well, most of the experiments with narrow differences of energy lost. Magnet had around a 5% difference before and after collision, Velcro had 7-10% difference and explosion had none. The least conserving experiment was combo where the difference was 16-22%. These differences can be explained by the possible errors that affected the experiment. Most errors come from the students like pushing the spring button too hard affecting the speed of the cart, not keeping a consistent force of push, not getting the exact velocity from the graph. Some errors can be from the cart's error of recording the data accurately. One real world situation that can be related to this lab are guns . Guns fire off bullets at tremendous velocity and with the sudden propulsion of the bullet moving forward the gun is launched backwards. Normally a person is holding it to withstand the force but without a person to hold it and the bullet being launched the gun will be launched with an equal force backwards. It’s velocity will be much smaller but it has a much larger mass while the bullet is moving fast

with a low velocity. Both have the same momentum and with both initially being zero there is no difference in the conserved momentum....