Construction Project Time Management of a Plate Girder Bridge (A Kachinland Research) PDF

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TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MYITKYINA) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT OF A PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE BY MG KYAW THET KHAING (VIC-14) MG NAING PHYO WIN (VIC-32) MG BAWM SAU (VIC-39) MG BAIHUM DEE LAI (VIC-41) MG ZAW WIN TUN (VIC-52) (B.E. MINI THESIS) SEPTEMBER, 2019 MYI...

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TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MYITKYINA) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT OF A PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE

BY MG KYAW THET KHAING

(VIC-14)

MG NAING PHYO WIN

(VIC-32)

MG BAWM SAU

(VIC-39)

MG BAIHUM DEE LAI

(VIC-41)

MG ZAW WIN TUN

(VIC-52)

(B.E. MINI THESIS)

SEPTEMBER, 2019 MYITKYINA

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MYITKYINA) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT OF A PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE

BY MG KYAW THET KHAING

(VIC-14)

MG NAING PHYO WN

(VIC-32)

MG BAWM SAU

(VIC-39)

MG BAIHUM DEE LAI

(VIC-41)

MG ZAW WIN TUN

(VIC-52)

A MINI THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (CIVIL)

SEPTEMBER, 2019 MYITKYINA

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MYITKYINA) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING We certify that we have examined, and recommend to the University Steering Committee for under Graduate Studies for acceptance of the thesis entitled "GOVERNMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT TIME MANAGEMENT OF A PLATE GIRDER BRIDGE" submitted by MG KYAW THET KHAING, Roll No. VIC- 14, MG NAING PHYO WIN, Roll No. VIC-32, MG BAWM SAU, Roll No. VIC-39, MG BAIHUM DEE LAI, Roll No. VIC-41, MG ZAW WIN TUN, Roll No. VIC-52 (December, 2018) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Civil). Board of Examiners:

1.

Daw Thet Thet Aung Lecturer and Head Department of Civil Engineering Technological University (Myitkyina)

2.

………………………… (Chairman)

U H Seng Naw Aung Demonstrator Department of Civil Engineering Technological University (Myitkyina)

3.

………………………… (Supervisor)

Daw Khine Moe Ohn Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering Technological University (Myitkyina)

4.

………………………… (Co-Supervisor)

Daw May Thaw Win Assistant Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering Technological University (Myitkyina)

……………………… (Member)

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, the authors would like to express their deepest gratitude to his Excellency Minister, Dr. Myo Thein Gyi, Ministry of Education, for initiating the Special Intensive Courses Leading to the Bachelor Degree of Engineering Program at Technological University (Myitkyina). The authors would also like to give their special thanks to Dr. Min Min Oo, Pro-Rector, Technological University (Myitkyina), for his encouragement. The authors would like to express greatly thanks to Daw Thet Thet Aung, Lecturer and Head of Department of Civil Engineering at Technological University (Myitkyina), for her helpful suggestions, true-line guidance and invaluable suggestions. Then, the authors would like to express the deepest gratitude to their Supervisor, U H Seng Naw Aung, Demonstrator of Department of Civil Engineering at Technological University (Myitkyina), for his encouragement, enthusiastic instruction and guidance, reading and checking throughout the preparation of this thesis. The authors would like to convey extremely grateful to their co-Supervisor, Daw Khine Moe Ohn, Lecturer of Department of Civil Engineering at Technological University (Myitkyina), for her consistent guidance and inestimable contribution. The authors would like to offer a special thanks to the member of Board of the Examiner, Daw May Thaw Win, Assistant Lecturer of Department of Civil Engineering at Technological University (Myitkyina), for her encouragement and effective guidance in preparation of this thesis. Finally, the authors also wish to convey their thanks to all of their teachers from Technological University (Myitkyina). The authors also wish to thank their helpful friends for their assistance. The authors sincerely wish to thank all persons who help directly or indirectly towards the completion of this thesis.

ii

ABSTRACT

Time management is the process of organizing and implementing a strategy related to the time required for work activities on a project. Effective time management is essential to successfully and efficiently meeting budget and program targets, as well as achieving profitability. In this study, the government project time management of a plate girder bridge construction project is estimated with the aid of Microsoft Project 2013. The activity precedence logic networks and critical activities are calculated. The project is estimated about to be started on September 9th, 2019 and ended on February 3rd, 2019. The total estimated duration is (368) days. The project duration are based on the experiences of government engineers.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

i

ABSTRACT

ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

vi

LIST OF TABLES

vii

CHAPTER

TITLE

1

INTRODUCTION

1

1.1. General

1

1.2. Aims and Objectives of the Study

1

1.3. Scopes of the Study

2

1.4. Outlines of the Study

2

LITERATURE REVIEW

3

2.1. General

3

2.2. Construction Project Management

3

2.3. Bridge Construction Project Life Cycle

3

2

3

2.3.1. Feasibility Phase

3

2.3.2. Design Phase

4

2.3.3. Tender Phase

4

2.3.4. Construction Phase

4

2.3.5. Operation and Maintenance

5

2.4 The Importance of Construction Scheduling

5

METHODOLOGY

6

3.1. Critical Path Method

6

3.1.1. Activity Logic Network

6

3.1.2. Activity –on-the-Node

6

3.1.3. Precedence Arrow

7

3.1.4. Forward Pass

8

3.1.5. Early Start and Early Finish

8

3.1.6. Backward Pass

8

3.1.7. Late Finish and Late Start

8

3.1.8. Critical Path and Critical Activity

9

iv

4

3.1.9. Total Float

9

3.1.10. Free Float

9

3.1.11. Preceding Logic Diagrams

10

3.1.12. Finish to Start

10

3.1.13. Start to Start

11

3.1.14. Finish to Finish

11

3.2. Microsoft Project

13

DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

14

4.1. General

14

4.2. Project Time Management of Government Plate Girder Bridge 14 4.2.1. Identifying Tasks, Durations, Predecessors and

15

Successors 4.2.2. CPM Calculation for Forward Pass and Backward Pass

20

According to Calendar Date Schedule 4.2.3. CPM Calculations for Critical Activities

25

4.2.4. Activity Gantt Chart for a Government Plate Girder

38

Bridge Construction Project 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

39

5.1. Conclusion

39

5.1. Recommendation

40

REFERENCES

vi

LIST OF TABLES Table

Page

3.1.

Activity Logic Relationships

7

4.1.

Data Description for Plate Girder Bridge

14

4.2.

Duration and Activity Dependencies

15

4.3.

Forward Pass and Backward Pass Calculation Results

20

4.4.

Critical Path Calculation Results

25

v

LIST OF FIGURES Figure

Page

3.1.

Example of Activity Node Information

6

3.2.

Calculation of an Activity’s Early Finish

8

3.3.

Calculation of an Activity Late Start

9

3.4.

AON Network Finish –to-Start Relationship without

10

Lag 3.5.

AON Network Finish-to-Start with Lag

11

3.6.

AON Network Finish-to-Start Relationship

11

3.7.

AON Network Start-to-Start Relationship with Lag

12

3.8.

AON Network Finish-to-Finish Relationship with Lag

12

3.9.

AON Network Finish-to-Start

13

4.1.

Gantt Chart for Plate Girder Bridge Construction

30

4.2.

Bore Pile Layout Plan

35

4.3.

Cross Section

35

4.4.

Abutment

36

4.5.

Side View of Plate Girder Bridge

36

4.6.

Proposed Elevation of Plate Girder Bridge

37

4.7.

Top View of Plate Girder Bridge

37

1

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1. General Construction Project Management is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques to oversee the planning, design, and construction of a project, from early development to completion. The purpose of CM is to control a project's time, cost and quality, sometimes referred to as projects’ triple constraint. Construction Project Management is compatible with all project delivery systems, including design-bid-build, design-build, Construction Project Management At-Risk and Public Private Partnerships. Professional construction managers may be reserved for lengthy, large-scale, high budget undertakings (commercial real estate, transportation infrastructure, industrial facilities, and military infrastructure), called capital projects. A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, usually something that can be detrimental to cross otherwise. Proper Construction project management for bridge construction is required as it has huge impact on the life of human beings. Social, scientific and technological dimensions for bridge construction must be considered. The decision of providing a bridge across any barrier is to facilitate the community residing on either side of the project. Some major bridges bring benefits to the whole country. Accurate time estimation is one of the skills essential for good construction project management. It is important to get time estimates right for two main reasons. Firstly, time estimates drive the setting of deadlines for delivery and planning of projects, and hence, it will impact on other people’s assessment of the reliability and competence as a project manager. Moreover, time estimates often determine the pricing of contracts and hence the profitability of the contract/project in commercial terms.

2 1.2. Aims and Objectives of the Study The aim of this study is to demonstrate the project time determination of a plate girder bridge construction project management with the aid of computer software: Microsoft Project 2013. To accomplish this aim, the following objectives are defined as: 1. to determine the work breakdown structure of the construction of a bridge, 2. to estimate time taken for each task of the plate girder bridge construction project, and 3. to calculate the duration of the project using critical path method with the aid of Microsoft Project 2013.

1.3. Scopes of the Study The scopes of the study are as follow: 1. A typical government plate girder bridge construction project is considered, 2. Only time constraint is considered, 3. Various risks are not considered in this study, 4. Durations in the time schedule graphs and tables are determined based on the assumptions of experienced road construction engineers and quality control specialists. 1.4. Outlines of the Study This study is classified into five chapters. Chapter one presents introduction, chapter two involves literature review, chapter three includes methodology, chapter four consists of calculation results, and chapter five is conclusion and recommendation.

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. General This chapter reviews the nature of construction project management, the construction of a bridge, project life cycle and the critical path method. The advantages of using Micro0soft Project 2013 can ease the time management process.

2.2. Construction Project Management Construction Project Management (CM) is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques to oversee the planning, design, and construction of a project, from its beginning to its end. The purpose of CM is to control a project’s time, cost and quality which are also known as "the triple constraint of a project. "CM is compatible with all project delivery systems, including design-bid-build, design-build, CM At-Risk and Public Private Partnerships. Professional construction managers may be reserved for lengthy, large-scale, high budget undertakings (commercial real estate, transportation facilities, industrial facilities and military infrastructure), called capital projects.

2.3. Bridge Construction Project Life Cycle The project management procedures of the construction of a road contain five phases namely, feasibility phase, design phase, tender phase, construction phase, and operation and maintenance phase.

2.3.1. Feasibility Phase The first phase of bridge construction project life cycle is the feasibility phase. This phase contains the following activities: 1. Generation and development of ideas, 2. Feasibility studies, 3. Studies of infrastructure needs 4. Layout studies.

4 5. Assessment of design data, 6. Cost estimation, 7. Construction and procurement scheduling, 8. Environmental impact assessment, and 9. Social impact assessment.

2.3.2. Design Phase The second phase of bridge construction project life cycle is the design phase. This phase contains the following activities: 1. Establishment of design basis, 2. Design data studies, 3. Geotechnical assessments, 4. Durability design, 5. Civil and structural design, 6. Mechanical and electrical installations, and 7. Operational risk assessment.

2.3.3. Tender Phase The third phase of bridge construction project life cycle is the tender phase. This phase contains the following activities 1. Development of tender design, 2. Management of tender procedures, 3. Value engineering, and 4. Preparation of contract for construction.

2.3.4. Construction Phase The fourth phase of bridge construction project life cycle is the construction phase. This phase contains the following activities: 1. Construction management, 2. Quality, environmental and safety management, 3. Construction risk management, 4. Interface coordination, 5. Program and budget control, 6. Site supervision, and

5 7. Contract and claims management.

2.3.5. Operation and Maintenance The fifth phase of bridge construction project life cycle is the operation and maintenance. This phase contains the following activities: 1. O&M management system, 2. Inspection of structures and installations, 3. Ranking of maintenance and reinvestment needs, 4. Repair and strengthening design, 5. Institutional development and training, and 6. Quality management.

2.4. The Importance of Construction Scheduling Proper planning and scheduling are needed to ensure that a construction project 1S is completed on time and within budget. A well-planned construction schedule not only helps in outlining the pace of work but also how the work will get done. The schedule helps in defining the methods and sequence in which the materials are going to be put in place. Preparing a construction schedule is not an easy job as the schedule planners needs to think of many elements to design the right schedule. The schedule planners needs to take into account overall scope of work as well as connections between different components to create a construction schedule that works scheduling helps in maximizing efficiency and productivity. Here is a list of some of the major benefits of making a construction schedule before the work begins. Proper construction scheduling also allows to give time to various parties including the clients, designers, vendors as well as subcontractors so they can better plan their activities. Safety is a big concern in any construction project and planning all the activities with the help of a schedule which allows to improve safety performance and ensuring proper protection for all the workers at the construction site. Proper scheduling also allows saving money as the activities that need to be done during cold weather allowing putting pricing protection measures in place. A proper scheduling system also helps to achieve high efficiency and complete the project in a reasonable time frame. As far as scheduling for construction projects is concerned, there are several tools available today that allow creating personalized schedules.

6

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

3.1. Critical Path Method The CPM focuses management‟s attention on the relationships between critical activities. It is an activity relationship representation of the projects.

3.1.1. Activity Logic Network The manager carry out this by asking following questions for each activity on the activity list; 1. Can this activity start at the beginning of the project? ( Start activities), 2. Which activities must be finished before this one begins? (Precedence), 3. Which activities may either start or finish at the same time this one does? (Concurrence), and 4. Which activities cannot begin until this one is finished? (Succession).

3.1.2. Activity-on-the-Node

Early start

Activity ID

Early finish

Duration Late finish

Late start Resources

Figure 3.1. Example of Activity Node Information

Today most CPM users employ the activity-on-the-node (AON) format, where each node represents an activity. This is sometimes referred to as “precedence diagramming”.

7 Notations on each node indicate the activity‟s alphanumeric identifier (ID code) and duration, and sometimes additional information, such as early and late start times, early and late finish times, and required resources, is also included as shown in Fig 3.1. Each activity in a network should have unique identifier.

3.1.3. Precedence Arrow The precedence arrows show the order sequence and relationship between activities (such as what activities must precede and follow another activity). The configuration of the diagram‟s nodes and arrows is the result of the PIB list (or the answers to the five questions that were previously asked concerning each activity). The logic behind the diagram is such that an activity cannot begin until all preceding activities are complete. Table 3.1 presents several common logic relationships. Table 3.1. Activity Logic Relationships Logic relationship

Diagram example

SEQUENTIAL Logic 10

Activity 20 cannot start until activity 10 is

20

completed. CONCURRENT LOGIC Activity 5 and 10 can proceed concurrently

5 30 10

Multiple Predecessor Logic Activity 20 cannot st...