中华人民共和国合同法(中英文对照) Contract Law PDF

Preview

Summary

Law Articles...

Description

中华人民共和国合同法 Contract Law of the People's Republic of China 发文机关：

全国人民代表大会

Promulgation Authorities:

发布日期： 生效日期： 时效性： 文号：

1999.03.15 1999.10.01 现行有效 主席令第十五号

Promulgation Date: Effective Date: Validity Status:

中华人民共和国合同法

The National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China 1999.03.15 1999.10.01 valid

Contract Law of the People's Republic of China

中华人民共和国主席令第15 Adopted 15 March 1999 by the 2nd Session of the 9th National People's 号公布 Congress. （1999年3月15日第九届全 国人民代表大会第二次会议通过 1999年3月15日中华人民共和国 主席令第15号公布 自1999年10 月1日起施行） 总则 第一章 一般规定 第一条

General Provisions

为了保护合同当事人的合法 权益，维护社会经济秩序，促进 社会主义现代化建设，制定本 法。 第二条

This Law is formulated with a view to protecting the lawful rights and interests of parties, maintaining social and economic order and promoting the development of socialist modernisation.

本法所称合同是平等主体的 自然人、法人、其他组织之间设 立、变更、终止民事权利义务关 系的协议。

In this Law, "contracts" refers to agreements defining civil rights and obligations which are concluded, amended and terminated between natural persons, legal persons or other organisations of equal status.

婚姻、收养、监护等有关身 份关系的协议，适用其他法律的 规定。 第三条

CHAPTER I — GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1.

Article 2.

With respect to agreements defining status relationships, such as agreements relating to marriage, adoption and guardianship, etc, the provisions of other laws shall apply. Article 3.

合同当事人的法律地位平 等，一方不得将自己的意志强加 给另一方。 第四条

Parties to a contract shall be of equal legal status, and neither party may impose its will on the other party.

当事人依法享有自愿订立合 同的权利，任何单位和个人不得 非法干预。 第五条

Parties have the right to conclude contracts of their own free will in accordance with the law, and no unit or individual may illegally interfere with the exercise of this right. Article 5.

当事人应当遵循公平原则确 定各方的权利和义务。 第六条

Parties shall observe the principle of fairness in defining their respective rights and obligations. Article 6.

当事人行使权利、履行义务 应当遵循诚实信用原则。 第七条

Parties shall observe the principles of honesty and trustworthiness in exercising their rights and performing their obligations. Article 7.

当事人订立、履行合同，应 当遵守法律、行政法规，尊重社 会公德，不得扰乱社会经济秩

Parties shall comply with laws and administrative regulations in concluding and performing contracts, they shall respect social morals, and they may not disturb the social or economic order or harm social and public interests.

Article 4.

page 1 of 55

序，损害社会公共利益。 第八条 依法成立的合同，对当事人 具有法律约束力。当事人应当按 照约定履行自己的义务，不得擅 自变更或者解除合同。

Article 8. Contracts concluded in accordance with the law shall be legally binding on the parties. A party shall perform its own obligations as agreed, and it may not of its own accord alter or terminate the contract.

依法成立的合同，受法律保

Contracts formed in accordance with the law shall receive the protection of the law.

第二章 合同的订立 第九条

CHAPTER II — CONCLUSION OF CONTRACTS Article 9.

护。

当事人订立合同，应当具有 相应的民事权利能力和民事行为 能力。

A party concluding a contract shall possess the relevant capacity for civil rights and for civil acts. A party may authorise its agent to conclude a contract on its behalf.

当事人依法可以委托代理人 订立合同。 第十条 当事人订立合同，有书面形 式、口头形式和其他形式。 法律、行政法规规定采用书 面形式的，应当采用书面形式。 当事人约定采用书面形式的，应 当采用书面形式。 第十一条

Article 10. Parties shall conclude contracts in writing, orally, or in some other form. Where laws or administrative regulations stipulate the use of the written form, then the written form shall be used. Where the parties agree to use the written form, then the written form shall be used.

Article 11.

书面形式是指合同书、信件 和数据电文（包括电报、电传、 传真、电子数据交换和电子邮 件）等可以有形地表现所载内容 的形式。 第十二条

"Written form" refers to documents of a form such that the content of the contract may be visibly recorded, such as contract instruments, correspondence, and electronic documents (including telegrams, telexes, facsimiles, electronic data interchange and electronic mail).

合同的内容由当事人约定， 一般包括以下条款：

The parties shall agree on the content of a contract, and in general the following matters shall be included:

（一）当事人的名称或者姓 名和住所；

(1) the title or full name and the residence of each party;

Article 12.

(2) the subject matter; （二）标的； (3) quantity; （三）数量； (4) quality; （四）质量； (5) price or remuneration; （五）价款或者报酬； (6) period, place and methods of contractual performance; （六）履行期限、地点和方 (7) liability for breach of contract; and

式； （七）违约责任；

(8) methods of dispute resolution.

（八）解决争议的方法。

In concluding a contract, the parties may consult model contract instruments of various kinds.

当事人可以参照各类合同的 示范文本订立合同。 第十三条

Article 13.

当事人订立合同，采取要 约、承诺方式。 第十四条

In concluding a contract, the parties shall adopt the method of offer and acceptance. Article 14.

要约是希望和他人订立合同 的意思表示，该意思表示应当符

An offer is an expression of intention to conclude a contract with another person, and the said expression of intention shall satisfy the following page 2 of 55

合下列规定： （一）内容具体确定；

requirements: (1) its content shall be concrete and precise; and

（二）表明经受要约人承 诺，要约人即受该意思表示约 束。 第十五条

(2) it shall be stated clearly that, upon the offer being accepted by the offeree, the offeror shall be bound by his or her expression of intention.

要约邀请是希望他人向自己 发出要约的意思表示。寄送的价 目表、拍卖公告、招标公告、招 股说明书、商业广告等为要约邀 请。

An invitation to treat is an expression of a desire that another person makes one an offer. The mailing of a price list, an auction announcement, a call for tenders, a share prospectus, a commercial advertisement, etc, are all deemed to be invitations to treat.

商业广告的内容符合要约规 定的，视为要约。 第十六条 要约到达受要约人时生效。 采用数据电文形式订立合 同，收件人指定特定系统接收数 据电文的，该数据电文进入该特 定系统的时间，视为到达时间； 未指定特定系统的，该数据电文 进入收件人的任何系统的首次时 间，视为到达时间。 第十七条

Article 15.

Where the content of a commercial advertisement satisfies the requirements necessary for it to constitute an offer, it shall be deemed to be an offer. Article 16. An offer shall take effect when it reaches the offeree. Where a contract is concluded through the use of electronic documents, and the recipient of the offer specifies the use of a particular system for the receipt of electronic documents, the time at which the relevant electronic document enters the said system shall be deemed to be the time at which the offer reaches the offeree; where the recipient has not specified the use of a particular system, then the first time at which the electronic document enters any of the recipient's systems shall be deemed to be the time at which the offer reaches the offeree. Article 17.

要约可以撤回。撤回要约的 通知应当在要约到达受要约人之 前或者与要约同时到达受要约 人。 第十八条

An offer may be withdrawn. Notification of the withdrawal of the offer must reach the offeree before the offer reaches the offeree or at the same time that the offer reaches the offeree.

要约可以撤销。撤销要约的 通知应当在受要约人发出承诺通 知之前到达受要约人。 第十九条

An offer may be revoked. Notification of the revocation of the offer must reach the offeree before the offeree issues notification of acceptance of the offer. Article 19.

有下列情形之一的，要约不 得撤销：

In either of the following situations, an offer may not be revoked:

（一）要约人确定了承诺期 限或者以其他形式明示要约不可 撤销； （二）受要约人有理由认为 要约是不可撤销的，并已经为履 行合同作了准备工作。 第二十条 有下列情形之一的，要约失

Article 18.

(1) the offeror specifies an acceptance period or in some other way makes it clear that the offer is irrevocable; or (2) the offeree has grounds for believing that the offer is irrevocable, and has already completed some preparatory work relating to the performance of the contract. Article 20. In any of the following situations, an offer shall cease to have effect:

效： (1) a notification that the offer has been rejected reaches the offeror; （一）拒绝要约的通知到达 要约人； （二）要约人依法撤销要 约； （三）承诺期限届满，受要 约人未作出承诺；

(2) the offeror revokes the offer in accordance with the law; (3) the period for acceptance of the offer has expired, and the offeree has not accepted the offer; or (4) the offeree materially alters the content of the offer.

（四）受要约人对要约的内 容作出实质性变更。 page 3 of 55

第二十一条

Article 21.

承诺是受要约人同意要约的 意思表示。 第二十二条

An acceptance is a declaration by the offeree that it agrees with the terms of the offer. Article 22.

承诺应当以通知的方式作 出，但根据交易习惯或者要约表 明可以通过行为作出承诺的除 外。 第二十三条

Acceptance should be effected by notification, but acceptance may also be effected by conduct in line with business practices or in accordance with the terms of the offer.

承诺应当在要约确定的期限 内到达要约人。

An acceptance must reach the offeror within the time period specified by the offer.

要约没有确定承诺期限的， 承诺应当依照下列规定到达：

Where the offer does not specify a time period for acceptance, the following rules apply with respect to the time at which the acceptance must reach the offeror:

（一）要约以对话方式作出 的，应当即时作出承诺，但当事 人另有约定的除外；

Article 23.

(1) where the offer is made orally, it must be accepted immediately, except where the parties agree otherwise; or

（二）要约以非对话方式作 出的，承诺应当在合理期限内到 达。 第二十四条

(2) where the offer is not made orally, acceptance of the offer must reach the offeror within a reasonable time period.

要约以信件或者电报作出 的，承诺期限自信件载明的日期 或者电报交发之日开始计算。信 件未载明日期的，自投寄该信件 的邮戳日期开始计算。要约以电 话、传真等快速通讯方式作出 的，承诺期限自要约到达受要约 人时开始计算。 第二十五条

Where an offer is made by correspondence or telegram, the acceptance period shall be calculated from the date shown on the correspondence or the date on which the telegram is sent. Where the correspondence is not clearly dated, the said period shall be calculated from the date of the postmark recording when the said correspondence was sent. Where the offer is made by telephone, facsimile or some other form of instantaneous communication, the acceptance period shall be calculated from the time the offer reaches the offeree. Article 25.

承诺生效时合同成立。 第二十六条 承诺通知到达要约人时生 效。承诺不需要通知的，根据交 易习惯或者要约的要求作出承诺 的行为时生效。 采用数据电文形式订立合同 的，承诺到达的时间适用本法第 十六条第二款的规定。 第二十七条

Article 24.

A contract is formed at the time an acceptance takes effect. Article 26. A notification of acceptance of an offer shall take effect from the time it reaches the offeror. Where it is not necessary for there to be notification of acceptance, the acceptance shall take effect from the time the conduct of accepting the offer is carried out in accordance with business practices or the requirements of the offer. Where a contract is concluded through the use of electronic documents, the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 16 of this Law shall apply in determining the time at which the acceptance reaches the offeror. Article 27.

承诺可以撤回。撤回承诺的 通知应当在承诺通知到达要约人 之前或者与承诺通知同时到达要 约人。 第二十八条

An acceptance may be withdrawn. Notification of the withdrawal of the acceptance must reach the offeror before notification of the offeree's acceptance reaches the offeror or at the same time that the notification of acceptance reaches the offeror. Article 28.

受要约人超过承诺期限发出 承诺的，除要约人及时通知受要 约人该承诺有效的以外，为新要 约。 第二十九条

Where the offeree accepts the offer after the expiry of the acceptance period, then, except where the offeror immediately notifies the offeree that the said acceptance is effective, such an acceptance shall be deemed to be a new offer. Article 29.

受要约人在承诺期限内发出 承诺，按照通常情形能够及时到 达要约人，但因其他原因承诺到 达要约人时超过承诺期限的，除 要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺

Where the offeree issues an acceptance of the offer within the acceptance period, and where under normal circumstances it would be possible for the acceptance to reach the offeror promptly, but for other reasons the acceptance does not reach the offeror until after the expiry of the acceptance period, then, except where the offeror promptly notifies the page 4 of 55

超过期限不接受该承诺的以外， 该承诺有效。 第三十条

offeree that the offeror will not accept the said acceptance because of the expiry of the acceptance period, the said acceptance shall be effective. Article 30.

承诺的内容应当与要约的内 容一致。受要约人对要约的内容 作出实质性变更的，为新要约。 有关合同标的、数量、质量、价 款或者报酬、履行期限、履行地 点和方式、违约责任和解决争议 方法等的变更，是对要约内容的 实质性变更。 第三十一条

The contents of the acceptance must be identical to the contents of the offer. Where the offeree materially alters the contents of the offer, this shall be deemed to be a new offer. Any relevant alteration to the subject matter of the contract, quantity, quality, price or remuneration, time limits on contractual performance, the place and methods of contractual performance, liability for breach of contract, and methods of dispute resolution, etc, constitutes a material alteration to the contents of the offer. Article 31.

承诺对要约的内容作出非实 质性变更的，除要约人及时表示 反对或者要约表明承诺不得对要 约的内容作出任何变更的以外， 该承诺有效，合同的内容以承诺 的内容为准。 第三十二条

Where the acceptance makes non-material alteration to the contents of the offer, then except where the offeror immediately expresses its opposition, or the offer clearly stipulates that the offeree may not in its acceptance make any alterations to the contents of the offer, the said acceptance shall have effect, and the contents of the contract shall be in accordance with the contents of the acceptance. Article 32.

当事人采用合同书形式订立 合同的，自双方当事人签字或者 盖章时合同成立。 第三十三条

Where a contract is concluded through the use of a contract document, the contract shall be concluded from the time that the two parties sign or affix their respective seals to the contract document. Article 33.

当事人采用信件、数据电文 等形式订立合同的，可以在合同 成立之前要求签订确认书。签订 确认书时合同成立。 第三十四条

Where a contract is concluded by correspondence or electronic documents, either party may, prior to the contract being concluded, request the signing of a letter of confirmation. Where this is the case, the contract shall be concluded upon the signing of the letter of confirmation. Article 34.

承诺生效的地点为合同成立 的地点。

The place at which the acceptance takes effect shall be the place at which the contract is concluded.

采用数据电文形式订立合同 的，收件人的主营业地为合同成 立的地点；没有主营业地的，其 经常居住地为合同成立的地点。 当事人另有约定的，按照其约 定。

Where a contract is concluded through the use of electronic documents, the main place of business of the recipient of the said documents shall be deemed to be the place at which the contract is concluded; where the said recipient does not have a main place of business, the recipient's usual place of abode shall be deemed to be the place at which the contract is concluded. Where the parties agree otherwise, the parties' agreement shall have effect. Article 35.

第三十五条 当事人采用合同书形式订立 合同的，双方当事人签字或者盖 章的地点为合同成立的地点。 第三十六条

Where a contract is concluded through the use of a contract document, the place at which the parties sign or affix their respective seals on the contract document shall be the place at which the contract is concluded. Article 36.

法律、行政法规规定或者当 事人约定采用书面形式订立合 同，当事人未采用书面形式但一 方已经履行主要义务，对方接受 的，该合同成立。

Where laws and administrative regulations stipulate that the contract is to be concluded in writing, or the parties agree to conclude the contract in writing, but where the parties fail to conclude the contract in writing, and one side has already performed a major obligation under the contract, and the other party has accepted the said performance, the said contract shall be concluded. Article 37.

第三十七条 采用合同书形式订立合同， 在签字或者盖章之前，当事人一 方已经履行主要义务，对方接受 的，该合同成立。 第三十八条 国家根据需要下达指令性任 务或者国家订货任务的，有关法 人、其他组织之间应当依照有关

Where a contract document is used to conclude a contract, and prior to signing or affixing seals on the contract document, one of the parties has already performed a major obligation under the contract, and the other party has accepted the said performance, the said contract shall be concluded. Article 38. Where the State, in accordance with its needs, assigns mandatory tasks or tasks relating to state orders for goods, relevant legal persons and other organisations shall conclude contracts between themselves in accordance page 5 of 55

法律、行政法规规定的权利和义 务订立合同。 第三十九条

with the rights and obligations stipulated in relevant laws and administrative regulations. Article 39.

采用格式条款订立合同的， 提供格式条款的一方应当遵循公 平原则确定当事人之间的权利和 义务，并采取合理的方式提请对 方注意免除或者限制其责任的条 款，按照对方的要求，对该条款 予以说明。

Where a contract is concluded through the use of standard clauses, the party proposing the standard clauses shall observe the principle of fairness in defining the rights and responsibilities of the parties, and the said party must take reasonable steps to draw the other party's particular attention to those clauses which eliminate or limit the said party's liabilities, and must, where requested by the other party, explain the effect of the said clauses.

格式条款是当事人为了重复 使用而预先拟定，并在订立合同 时未与对方协商的条款。 第四十条

Standard clauses are those clauses which one party drafts in advance for repeated use, and are not the subject of negotiation with the other side at the time when the contract is concluded. Article 40.

格式条款具有本法第五十二 条和第五十三条规定情形的，或 者提供格式条款一方免除其责 任、加重对方责任、排除对方主 要权利的，该条款无效。 第四十一条

Where a standard clause possesses one of the characteristics set out in Article 52 or Article 53 of this Law, or where the clause operates to exclude the liabilities of the party proposing the standard clause, or to increase the liabilities of the other party, or to remove important rights enjoyed by the other party, the said clause shall be without effect. Article 41.

对格式条款的理解发生争议 的，应当按照通常理解予以解 释。对格式条款有两种以上解释 的，应当作出不利于提供格式条 款一方的解释。格式条款和非格 式条款不一致的，应当采用非格 式条款。 第四十二条

Where a dispute arises over the interpretation of a standard clause, the said clause shall be interpreted in accordance with the way it is usually understood. Where a standard clause is open to two or more interpretations, the interpretation which is less favourable to the party supplying the standard clause shall be adopted. Where a contract contains a standard clause and a non-standard clause that has a differing effect, the non-standard clause shall be adopted. Article 42.

当事人在订立合同过程中有 下列情形之一，给对方造成损失 的，应当承担损害赔偿责任：

Where, in the course of concluding a contract, a party is involved in any of the following acts, which result in a loss for the other party, then the first party shall be liable to pay compensatory damages:

（一）假借订立合同，恶意 进行磋商；

(1) conducting negotiations in bad faith under the false pretext of concluding a contract;

（二） 故意隐瞒与订立合同 (2) deliberately concealing important facts relevant to the conclusion of the 有关的重要事实或者提供虚假情 contract or providing a false account of the situation; or 况； (3) other acts which violate the principles of honesty and trustworthiness. （三）有其他违背诚实信用 原则的行为。 Article 43. 第四十三条 当事人在订立合同过程中知 悉的商业秘密，无论合同是否成 立，不得泄露或者不正当地使 用。泄露或者不正当地使用该商 业秘密给对方造成损失的，应当 承担损害赔偿责任。 第三章 合同的效力 第四十四条

Commercial secrets of which the parties become aware in the course of concluding a contract must not be revealed or inappropriately used, regardless of whether or not the contract is concluded. Where the said secrets are revealed or inappropriately used, and the other party sustains losses as a result, then the first party shall be liable to pay compensatory damages. CHAPTER III — CONTRACTUAL VALIDITY Article 44.

依法成立的合同，自成立时 生效。法律、行政法规规定应当 办理批准、登记等手续生效的， 依照其规定。

A contract which is concluded in accordance with the law shall take effect from the time it is concluded.

第四十五条 当事人对合同的效力可以约 定附条件。附生效条件的合同， 自条件成就时生效。附解除条件

Where laws and administrative regulations provide that ratification, registration and other procedures must be completed before the contract can come into effect, such provisions shall be ...