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NOTES FROME SCHOOL...

Description

Name:

Fariha kabir

Date:

Thursday, Mar. 18

Student Exploration: Seed Germination Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: controlled experiment, germinate, hypothesis, mean, seed, trial, variable Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Plants that produce fruit or vegetables grow from seeds. Suppose you want to start a vegetable garden using seeds. How could you get the seeds to sprout? In order to sprout the seeds we constantly need to have water, fertilizers, and sunlight. Gizmo Warm-up Seeds are only able to sprout, or germinate, under the right conditions. The seeds of different species of plants need different amounts of light, temperatures, and moisture levels in order to germinate successfully. In the Seed Germination Gizmo, you will perform a series of experiments to determine the best conditions for germinating three different types of seeds. 1. Look at the DESCRIPTION tab. How many seeds are in the germination chamber?

100 seeds 2. Click Play (

), and observe the SIMULATION pane.

A. What happened over the simulated five-day period? After watching the five day period I have observed that the number of seeds decrease as compared to the number of sprouts. B. How does the appearance of a seed on the SIMULATION pane change once the seed has sprouted?

After the seeds have sprouted some of the seeds started to show roots.

C. How many seeds sprouted?

52

D. How many seeds did not sprout?

48

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Get the Gizmo ready: Activity A: Repeating Trials

● Click Reset ( ). ● Select the BAR CHART tab and turn on Show numerical values.

Question: Why is it important to repeat an experiment multiple times? 1. Collect data: Each time you run an experiment with the Gizmo, you complete a trial. A trial is a single time that you conduct an experiment. Make sure Seed type: A is selected on the SIMULATION pane. The Water level should be set to 50 drops per hour. The Light should be at 50%, and the Temp. should be 18 °C. At these settings, click Play to run the Gizmo and complete the first trial. Record your results in the first row of the table below. Then, use the Gizmo to run two more trials.

Trial

Number of seeds

Number of sprouts

1

48

52

2

50

50

3

47

53

Mean

48.3

51.7

2. Calculate: Find the mean, or average, for each trial. Add the number of seeds from each trial together. Then, divide the sum by 3. Record the result in the table, and then repeat the calculation for the number of sprouts from each trial. 3. Compare: How do the results from the three trials compare? If we compare the three trials there is not that big of a difference between the values. 4. Infer: What do you think caused the differences between the results of each trial? The reason for the differences was some of the seeds didn’t get the proper nutrition, and sunlight. On some trials a few seeds got more nutrition, and sunlight caused the differences. 5. Draw conclusions: Use the data you collected to explain why it is important to repeat an experiment multiple times. It is essential to repeat the steps over time because that way you can collect some more evidence, and don’t jump right into a conclusion.

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Activity B:

Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset. Make sure Seed type: A is selected.

Variables

Question: In what conditions will seed A have the highest germination rate? 1. Collect data: Use the Water, Light, and Temp. sliders on the SIMULATION pane to set up each scenario listed in the table below. Complete three trials for each scenario and record your results in the table. Then, calculate the mean of the three trials for the last column. Number of sprouts Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

30

15%

10 °C

28

27

30

28.3

60

45%

20 °C

55

63

60

59.3

90

80%

30 °C

76

77

77

76.7

2. Analyze: Use the data you collected to answer the questions below. A. Which scenario had the highest germination rate? Sanario 3 B. A variable is something that can be changed in an experiment. In the experiments you just performed, you changed the water, light, and temperature. Can you tell which of these variables affect the germination rate? Explain your answer. No i can not, , if I can the all these variables then I have to change each one separately in order to see the germination rate. C. A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only one variable is changed at a time. Why is it important to do a controlled experiment in order to determine how a variable, such as water, light, or temperature, affects seed germination rates? It is important to change only one variable at a time is because that way we can see how that variabel affects the results. 3. Form a hypothesis: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for an observation. Write a hypothesis about what conditions would be best for germinating seed A. If we gave 90 drops of water per hour, 80 % light, and 30 degree of temperature, would be the best condition for germinating seed A.

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4. Experiment: You will now run a set of controlled experiments to test each variable separately. Complete three trials for each scenario in the tables below. Record your results. Number of sprouts Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

5 °C

0

0

0

0

50%

15 °C

49

49

46

48

50

50%

25 °C

61

61

64

62

50

50%

35 °C

57

50

59

55.3

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

50

0%

50

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

50

50%

50

Number of sprouts Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

18 °C

52

49

50

50.3

50%

18 °C

51

49

54

51.3

50

100%

18 °C

49

51

50

50

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

0

50%

50 100

Number of sprouts Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

18 °C

0

0

0

0

50%

18 °C

52

52

52

52

50%

18 °C

0

55

60

38.3

5. Analyze: Describe the effect of each variable on seed A’s germination rate. If we increase the temperature by 10 degrees then the germination rate would increase. If we increase the amount of light it does not have a big effect on germination rate. If we gave too much or too light water it would have a low germination rate. 6. Challenge yourself: Experiment to find the best combination of water amount, light level, and temperature at which to germinate the most seeds of seed type A. A. Which conditions yielded the highest germination rate? If we have water of 80 drops per hour, light 50%, and temperature 25 C would be the best germinate rate B. What type of habitat do you think seed A would grow best in? Explain your answer.

TROPICAL RAINFORESTS,

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Activity C: Experimental design

Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset. ● Select Seed type: B.

Question: In what conditions will seed B and seed C have the highest germination rate? 1. Observe: Run two experiments with seed B. What did you observe? I observed that if we change the water then it would have the biggest effect on the germination rate. 2. Form a hypothesis: What conditions do you think will be ideal for germinating seed B? If we have a high level of water, and temperature with medium amount of light this would be ideal for germination rate. 3. Design an experiment: Describe the controlled experiment you will run to test your hypothesis.

Number of sprouts Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

0

0

0

0

20 °C

71

70

50%

30 °C

66

61

64

63.7

50

50%

38 °C

0

0

0

0

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

50

0%

50

Water (drops/hr)

Light

50

50%

50

50%

50

Temp. 10 C

71

70.7

Number of sprouts

Mean number of sprouts

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

18 C

0

0

0

50%

18 °C

51

49

54

51.3

50

100%

18 °C

49

51

50

50

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

0

50%

50 100

Number of sprouts

0

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

18 °C

0

0

0

0

50%

18 °C

60

59

60

59.7

50%

18 °C

69

69

67

68.3

4. Gather data: Run your experiment. Record all your results in the space below. 0,59,68.3 Reproduction for educational use only. Public sharing or posting prohibited. © 2020 ExploreLearning™ All rights reserved

5. Draw conclusions: What conditions gave the best germination rate for seed B? If we have high level of water drops per hour, and medium light, and low temperature then this would be a perfect germination rate for seed B.

6. Compare: Study the results of your experiments with seed A and seed B. A. Which variable(s) affected seed B that did not affect seed A?

The light had an effect on see B, but light did not have an effect on seed A.

B. Based on this fact, do you think seed B is normally planted deep below the soil or near the surface?

Shallow hole, because if the see seed planted near the surface it would get more light .

7. Observe: Run two experiments with seed C. What did you observe? I observe that if we change the value of light then it would have the biggest effect on germination rate. 8. Form a hypothesis: What conditions do you think will be ideal for germinating seed C? If we have water of medium amount of water , high amount of light and lower temperature would be the best germinating rate for see C 9. Gather data: Run a controlled experiment to test your hypothesis. Record all your results in the space below.

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

Number of sprouts Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Mean number of sprouts

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46

0

46

10

46

19 C

89

89

19 °C

89

89

20%

19 °C

89

89

89

63.7

46

30 %

19 °C

89

89

0

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

50

20%

20 C

97

97

97

60

20%

20 °C

87

87

87

87

70

20%

15 °C

67

67

68

67.3

Water (drops/hr)

Light

Temp.

50

0%

10 °C

50

10%

10°C

50

15%

10 °C

89

88 89

70.7

Number of sprouts Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Number of sprouts Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 70

0

Mean number of sprouts 97

Mean number of sprouts

70

72

70.7

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

10. Draw conclusions: What conditions gave the best germination rate for seed C? If we have high 50 drops of water per hour, 20% light, and 20% temperature would be ideal germination rate for seed C. 11. Compare: How do the ideal conditions for germinating seed C compare with those for seed A and seed B?

12. Interpret: What type of habitats do you think seed B and seed C would grow best in? Seed B: Tropical rainforest Seed C: Forest

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