Crimj 250w exam 1 PDF

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Penn State University CrimJ 250w Exam 1

Question 1 3 / 3 pts _____ is defined as conforming to the standards of conduct of a given profession or group Cohesion X Ethics Submission Compliance

Question 2 3 / 3 pts According to the text and class notes, an Institutional Review Board _____. conducts scientific research when questions of ethics are too tricky for the average researcher evaluates the psychological state of the subjects involved in a research project X evaluates research plans and makes suggestions on how to ensure the well-being of subjects in a research project may physically prevent a researcher from conducting a research project it disagrees with

Question 3 3 / 3 pts ____ was the philosopher who advocated the “utilitarian dilemma” which criminal justice researchers and practitioners must contend with when developing projects and policies. Beccaria X Bentham Marx

Kant none of these

Question 4 3 / 3 pts Collecting survey data from a person whose name and address are known but then keeping their identity secret is an example of _____. anonymity loyalty lying X confidentiality

Question 5 3 / 3 pts The production of knowledge based on experience or observation is known as _____. deduction agreement reality philosophy X experiential reality

Question 6 4 / 4 pts The term _____ implies that people's behavior has some measurable pattern to it, and does not occur randomly or chaotically. X social regularity empiricism determinism positivism

Question 7 3 / 3 pts The term _____ refers to repeating a study, at another time or place, to see if similar results are obtained. productive reasoning X replication interpretation application

Question 8 3 / 3 pts A(n)_____ is a specified expectation about empirical reality, derived from, or representing a conceptual relationship. X hypothesis algorithm paradigm law

Question 9 The _____ model of explanation seeks to illustrate the most important factors behind a given effect. ideographic molar micro mediational nomothetic

Question 10 Which of the following does not refer to the term "attribute"? a person can have many attributes of one variable an attribute is a characteristic of a variable

attributes are mutually exclusive from one another all of these refer to attributes

Question 11 4 / 4 pts Social scientists are interested in explaining human _____, not ______. individuals, aggregates history, behavior X aggregates, individuals none of these all of these

Question 12 4 / 4 pts “Grounded theory” refers to the creating of theory, or the drawing of conclusions, based on observations, not hypothesis -testing. Thus it is a process which utilizes _____ logic. X inductive flawed deductive theoretical

Question 13 4 / 4 pts “Ethnicity” is a(n)_____ , while “African-American” is a(n) _____. X independent variable, attribute attribute, dependent variable dependent variable, attribute attribute, independent variable

Question 14 3 / 3 pts Epistemology is defined as ______. drawing conclusions from quantitative data X the science of knowing things or finding things out the concept or process of causality the relationship between the deductive and inductive methods

Question 15 The fact that you are a student enrolled in CRIMJ 250W is an example of ______. My opinion that you are excited about research methods is an example of ______. causality, objectivity subjectivity, objectivity objectivity, subjectivity probability, stupidity

Question 16 3 / 3 pts The correspondence between basic research under controlled conditions and how the results of such research applies to populations in the “real world” is referred to as ______. statistical conclusion validity internal validity X external validity replication

Question 17 3 / 3 pts Which of the following groups are not considered to be consumers of criminal justice research? police officials

trial lawyers corrections administrators X all of these are consumers of criminal justice research

Question 18 3 / 3 pts Informed consent is commonly used to resolve the ethical dilemma of ______. dehumanization X enabling subjects to determine possible risks and benefits themselves both anonymity and confidentiality of subjects’ information avoiding the need for an Institutional Review Board evaluation

Question 19 3 / 3 pts In criminal justice, the testing of a specific program, such as foot patrol by police officers, is known as applied or ______ research. pure deductive empirical X evaluation

Question 20 3 / 3 pts What type of agreement reality refers to accepting the word of someone who has more knowledge about a topic than you? tradition intelligence X authority wisdom

Question 21 3 / 3 pts A(n) ______ is a proposition so widely accepted by the scientific community that it is no longer empirically tested. Unfortunately, none of these exist in the social sciences; however, they are widespread throughout the fields of chemistry and physics. hypothesis algorithm paradigm X law

Question 22 3 / 3 pts Examples of tradition as agreement reality include ______. information read in a book X customs and beliefs internship experiences information downloaded from the Internet

Question 23 3 / 3 pts A ______ is defined as an overriding academic climate or a “fundamental model which organizes our thoughts.” theory hypothesis X paradigm fact

Question 24 3 / 3 pts

Social scientific theory _____. is concerned with “what is” not “what should be” is the same as philosophy and belief focuses on the logical elements and ideas in social reality a & b only X a & c only

Question 25 4 / 4 pts According to the text and course material, the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment was an example of ______. how complex foot or beat control policies could possibly be how complex motorized patrol policies tend to be X how traditional beliefs and common sense could be misleading, even to “experts” in a field how police could completely control crime in a given area with available resources

Question 26 Which of the following does not differentiate scientific from casual observation? carefulness selective observation consciousness use of the scientific method

Question 27 4 / 4 pts The Stanford Prison Experiment could not be replicated today because _____. the harm to participants would be too great a university institutional review board would not support such a project the research was so well done, it couldn’t be repeated

X a & b only all of these

Question 28 5 / 5 pts What are the three foundations needed for the production of social scientific knowledge? theory, variables, concepts philosophy, observation, statistics research methods, data analysis, ideology X theory, data collection, data analysis

Question 29 5 / 5 pts Making widespread, overarching statements about a population based on only a few isolated observations is an error of reasoning known as ______. illogical reasoning X overgeneralization selective observation ex post facto hypothesizing...