CVR: A-E Assessment- Auscultation PDF

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Summary

CVR: A-E Assessment- Auscultation...

Description

Auscultation  listening to sounds from the heart, lungs, or other organs

What is auscultation- listen/interpretation of breath sounds generated by airflow through the airways What is it used for- to Identify if breath sounds are normal, abnormal and if there are any added sounds. As an outcome measure before and after treatment and can also be used to identify deterioration.

Technique -

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Bell-low frequencies of heart sounds and children Diaphragm-high frequencies of breath sounds Ear pieces face forward Patient relaxed, sitting upright for anterior auscultation Arms forward to protract scapula for posterior auscultation Patient is asked to breath in and out through their mouth Patient takes slightly deeper breaths than normal but must not deep breath repeatedly as they will hyperventilate, better to ask them to take a deep breath if you think the sound is abnormal Compare the findings in equivalent areas on the two sides of the chest both Anterior and Posterior

Breath Sounds -

Normal- heard over most lung fields; low pitch; soft short expirations Abnormal Bronchial Heard over trachea they are louder and higher pitch Inspiratory and expiratory phases are long, if they are heard over periphery suggest consolidation of lung tissue

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Diminished normal breath sounds are not heard or may be reduced with shallow breathing or localised diminished breath sounds occur with airway obstruction atelectasis

Added Sounds -

Crackles- are discontinuous sounds – thought to because to terminal airways popping open late in inspiration because fluid or secretions have accumulated Wheeze – musical or whistling in nature caused by air passing through narrowed airways often heard on expiration but may be heard through respiratory cycle may be high or low pitched...