Datasheet and periodic table PDF

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Datasheet and periodic table
CHEM1112 learning material...

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DATA SHEET Physical constants Avogadro constant, Faraday constant, Planck constant,

NA = 6.022  1023 mol–1 F = 96485 C mol–1 h = 6.626  10–34 J s

Speed of light in vacuum, Rydberg constant,

c = 2.998  108 m s–1 ER = 2.18  10–18 J

Boltzmann constant, Permittivity of a vacuum, Gas constant, Charge of electron,

kB = 1.381  10–23 J K–1 0 = 8.854  10–12 C2 J–1 m–1 R = 8.314 J K–1 mol–1 = 0.08206 L atm K–1 mol–1 e = 1.602  10–19 C

Mass of electron, Mass of proton, Mass of neutron,

me = 9.1094  10–31 kg mp = 1.6726  10–27 kg mn = 1.6749  10–27 kg

Properties of matter Volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at 1 atm and 25 C = 24.5 L Volume of 1 mole of ideal gas at 1 atm and 0 C = 22.4 L Density of water at 298 K = 0.997 g cm–3 Specific heat capacity of liquid water = 4.181 kJ / kg °C

Conversion factors 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa = 1.013 bar

1 Ci = 3.70  1010 Bq

0 C = 273 K 1 L = 10–3 m3 1 Å = 10–10 m 1 eV = 1.602  10–19 J

1 Hz = 1 s–1 1 tonne = 103 kg 1 W = 1 J s–1 1 J = 1 kg m2 s–2

Decimal fractions Fraction Prefix Symbol 10–3 milli m 10–6 micro  10 10–12 –9

nano pico

n p

Decimal multiples Multiple Prefix Symbol 103 kilo k 106

mega

M

109 1012

giga tera

G T

Standard Reduction Potentials, E Reaction S2O82−(aq) + 2e− → 2SO42−(aq) Co3+(aq) + e– → Co2+(aq) Ce4+(aq) + e– → Ce3+(aq) Au+(aq) + e– → Au(aq) Pb4+(aq) + 2e– → Pb2+(aq) MnO4–(aq) + 8H+(aq) + 5e– → Mn2+(aq) + 4H2O Au3+(aq) + 3e– → Au(s) Cl2 + 2e– → 2Cl–(aq) O2 + 4H+(aq) + 4e– → 2H2O Pt2+(aq) + 2e– → Pt(s) Br2 + 2e– → 2Br–(aq) MnO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + e– → Mn3+ + 2H2O NO3–(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 3e– → NO(g) + 2H2O Pd2+(aq) + 2e– → Pd(s) NO3–(aq) + 10H+(aq) + 8e– → NH4+ (aq) + 3H2O Ag+(aq) + e– → Ag(s) NO3−(aq) + 2H+ + e− → NO2(g) + H2O Fe3+(aq) + e– → Fe2+(aq) I2 + 2e– → 2I– (aq) Cu+(aq) + e– → Cu(s) O2(g) + 2H2O + 4 e− → 4 OH−(aq) Cu2+(aq) + 2e– → Cu(s) Sn4+(aq) + 2e– → Sn2+(aq) 2H+(aq) + 2e– → H2(g) Fe3+(aq) + 3e– → Fe(s) Pb2+(aq) + 2e– → Pb(s) Sn2+(aq) + 2e– → Sn(s) Ni2+(aq) + 2e– → Ni(s) Co2+(aq) + 2e– → Co(s) Cd2+(aq) + 2e– → Cd(s) 2CO2(g) + 2H+(aq) –+ 2e– → H2C2O4(aq) Fe2+(aq) + 2e– → Fe(s) Cr3+(aq) + 3e– → Cr(s) Zn2+(aq) + 2e– → Zn(s) 2H2O + 2e– → H2(g) + 2OH–(aq) Cr2+(aq) + 2e– → Cr(s) N2(g) + 4H2O + 4 e− → N2H4(aq) + 4 OH−(aq) Al3+(aq) + 3e– → Al(s) Mg2+(aq) + 2e– → Mg(s) Na+(aq) + e– → Na(s) Ca2+(aq) + 2e– → Ca(s) K+(aq) ) + e– → K(s) Li+(aq) + e– → Li(s)

Note that NO3- (aq) cannot be oxidised under reasonable conditions

E° / V +2.01 +1.82 +1.72 +1.69 +1.69 +1.51 +1.50 +1.36 +1.23 +1.18 +1.09 +0.96 +0.96 +0.92 +0.88 +0.80 +0.80 +0.77 +0.54 +0.53 +0.40 +0.34 +0.15 0 (by definition) –0.04 –0.126 –0.136 –0.24 –0.28 –0.40 -0.43 –0.44 –0.74 –0.76 –0.83 –0.89 −1.16 –1.68 –2.36 –2.71 –2.87 –2.94 –3.04

Useful formulas Quantum Chemistry

Electrochemistry

E = h = hc/

G = –nFE

 = h/mv

Moles of e– = It/F

E = –Z2ER(1/n2)

E = E – (RT/nF)  lnQ

x(mv)  h/4 T  = 2.898  106 K nm

E = (RT/nF)  lnK 0.0592 E = E – logQ (at 25 C) n

Acids and Bases

Gas Laws

pH = –log[H+]

PV = nRT

pKw = pH + pOH = 14.00

(P + n2a/V2)(V – nb) = nRT

pKw = pKa + pKb = 14.00

Ek = ½mv2

q = 4r2  5.67  10–8  T4

–

pH = pKa + log{[A ] / [HA]} Radioactivity

Kinetics

t½ = ln2/k

t½ = ln2/k

A = kN

k = Ae–Ea/RT

ln(N0/Nt) = kt

ln[A] = ln[A]0 – kt

14

C age = 8033 ln(A0/At) years

ln

k2 Ea 1 = ( - 1) k1 R T1 T 2

Colligative Properties & Solutions

Thermodynamics & Equilibrium

 = cRT

G = H – TS

Psolution = Xsolvent  Psolvent

G = G + RT lnQ

c = kp

G = –RT lnK

Tf = Kfm

univS = R lnK K p = Kc (RT ) n

Tb = Kbm Miscellaneous I

A = –log

I0

Mathematics

If ax2 + bx + c = 0, then x =

A = cl

ln x = 2.303 log x

2 E = –A e NA 4 0r

Area of circle = r2 Surface area of sphere = 4r2

−b 

b2 − 4ac 2a

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

1

2

HYDROGEN

HELIUM

H

He

1.008

4.003

3

4

6

7

8

9

LITHIUM

BERYLLIUM

BORON

5

CARBON

NITROGEN

OXYGEN

FLUORINE

10 NEON

Li

Be

B

C

N

O

F

Ne

6.941

9.012

10.81

12.01

14.01

16.00

19.00

20.18

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

SODIUM

MAGNESIUM

ALUMINIUM

SILICON

PHOSPHORUS

SULFUR

CHLORINE

ARGON

Na

Mg

Al

Si

P

S

Cl

Ar

22.99

24.31

26.98

28.09

30.97

32.07

35.45

39.95

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

POTASSIUM

CALCIUM

SCANDIUM

TITANIUM

VANADIUM

CHROMIUM

MANGANESE

IRON

COBALT

NICKEL

COPPER

ZINC

GALLIUM

GERMANIUM

ARSENIC

SELENIUM

BROMINE

KRYPTON

K

Ca

Sc

Ti

V

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

39.10

40.08

44.96

47.88

50.94

52.00

54.94

55.85

58.93

58.69

63.55

65.39

69.72

72.59

74.92

78.96

79.90

83.80

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

RUBIDIUM

STRONTIUM

YTTRIUM

ZIRCONIUM

MOLYBDENUM

TECHNETIUM

RUTHENIUM

RHODIUM

PALLADIUM

SILVER

CADMIUM

INDIUM

TIN

IODINE

XENON

NIOBIUM

ANTIMONY

TELLURIUM

Rb

Sr

Y

Zr

Nb

Mo

Tc

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

In

Sn

Sb

Te

I

Xe

85.47

87.62

88.91

91.22

92.91

95.94

[98.91]

101.07

102.91

106.4

107.87

112.40

114.82

118.69

121.75

127.60

126.90

131.30

55

56

57-71

CAESIUM

BARIUM

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

HAFNIUM

TANTALUM

TUNGSTEN

RHENIUM

OSMIUM

IRIDIUM

PLATINUM

GOLD

MERCURY

THALLIUM

LEAD

83 BISMUTH

84

85

86

POLONIUM

ASTATINE

RADON

Cs

Ba

Hf

Ta

W

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Tl

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

132.91

137.34

178.49

180.95

183.85

186.2

190.2

192.22

195.09

196.97

200.59

204.37

207.2

208.98

[210.0]

[210.0]

[222.0]

105

106

107

110

111

DUBNIUM

SEABORGIUM

BOHRIUM

87

88

FRANCIUM

89-103 104

RADIUM

RUTHERFORDIUM

108 HASSIUM

109 MEITNERIUM

DARMSTADTIUM ROENTGENIUM

112

113

COPERNICIUM

NIHONIUM

114 FLEROVIUM

115

116

117

MOSCOVIUM

LIVERMORIUM

TENNESSINE

118 OGANESSON

Fr

Ra

Rf

Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Ds

Rg

Cn

Nh

Fl

Mc

Lv

Ts

Og

[223.0]

[226.0]

[263]

[268]

[271]

[274]

[270]

[278]

[281]

[281]

[285]

[286]

[289]

[290]

[293]

[294]

[294]

57 LANTHANOIDS

ACTINOIDS

LANTHANUM

58

59

60

61

62

CERIUM

PRASEODYMIUM

NEODYMIUM

PROMETHIUM

SAMARIUM

63 EUROPIUM

64 GADOLINIUM

65 TERBIUM

66 DYSPROSIUM

67 HOLMIUM

68 ERBIUM

69 THULIUM

70 YTTERBIUM

71 LUTETIUM

La

Ce

Pr

Nd

Pm

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

138.91

140.12

140.91

144.24

[144.9]

150.4

151.96

157.25

158.93

162.50

164.93

167.26

168.93

173.04

174.97

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

ACTINIUM

THORIUM

PROTACTINIUM

URANIUM

NEPTUNIUM

PLUTONIUM

AMERICIUM

CURIUM

97 BERKELLIUM

98

99

100

101

102

103

CALIFORNIUM

EINSTEINIUM

FERMIUM

MENDELEVIUM

NOBELIUM

LAWRENCIUM

Ac

Th

Pa

U

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lr

[227.0]

232.04

[231.0]

238.03

[237.0]

[239.1]

[243.1]

[247.1]

[247.1]

[252.1]

[252.1]

[257.1]

[256.1]

[259.1]

[260.1]...