Day 2 - solved - a solution of microeconomics PDF

Preview

Summary

a solution of microeconomics...

Description

1. Consider the market for minivans. For each of the events listed here, identify which of the determinants of demand or supply are affected. Also indicate whether demand or supply increases or decreases. Then draw a diagram to show the effect on the price and quantity of minivans.

a. People decide to have more children.

b. A strike by steelworkers raises steel prices.

c. Engineers develop new automated machinery for the production of minivans.

d. The price of sports utility vehicles rises.

e. A stock market crash lowers people’s wealth.

2. The market for pizza has the following demand and supply schedules:

a. Graph the demand and supply curves. What are the equilibrium price and quantity in this market?

b. If the actual price in this market were above the equilibrium price, what would drive the market toward the equilibrium?

c. If the actual price in this market were below the equilibrium price, what would drive the market toward the equilibrium?

3. Suppose that business travelers and vacationers have the following demand for airline tickets from New York to Boston:

a. As the price of tickets rises from $200 to $250, what is the price elasticity of demand for (i) business travelers and (ii) vacationers? (Use the midpoint method in your calculations.)

b. Why might vacationers have a different elasticity from business travelers?

Question from as student Could you explain to me once again about elastic and inelastic demand? I got the price elasticity of demand and understand the graph, but I just couldn't know it clearly and usually misunderstand between 2 of them.

1. a. If people decide to have more children, they will want larger vehicles for hauling their kids around, so the demand for minivans will increase. Supply will not be affected. The result is a rise in both the price and the quantity sold.

b. If a strike by steelworkers raises steel prices, the cost of producing a minivan rises and the supply of minivans decreases. Demand will not be affected. The result is a rise in the price of minivans and a decline in the quantity sold.

c. The development of new automated machinery for the production of minivans is an improvement in technology. This reduction in firms' costs will result in an increase in supply. Demand is not affected. The result is a decline in the price of minivans and an increase in the quantity sold.

d. The rise in the price of sport utility vehicles affects minivan demand because sport utility vehicles are substitutes for minivans. The result is an increase in demand for minivans. Supply is not affected. The equilibrium price and quantity of minivans both rise.

e. The reduction in peoples' wealth caused by a stock-market crash reduces their income, leading to a reduction in the demand for minivans, because minivans are likely a normal good. Supply is not affected. As a result, both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity decline

2. a. Quantity supplied equals quantity demanded at a price of $6 and quantity of 81 pizzas

b. If the price were above $6, quantity supplied would exceed quantity demanded, so suppliers would reduce the price to gain sales.

c. If the price were below $6, quantity demanded would exceed quantity supplied, so suppliers could raise the price without losing sales. In both cases, the price would continue to adjust until it reached $6, the only price at which there is neither a surplus nor a shortage.

3. a. For business travelers, the price elasticity of demand when the price of tickets rises from $200 to $250 is [(2,000 – 1,900)/1,950]/[(250 – 200)/225] = 0.05/0.22 = 0.23. For vacationers, the price elasticity of demand when the price of tickets rises from $200 to $250 is [(800 – 600)/700] / [(250 – 200)/225] = 0.29/0.22 = 1.32. b. The price elasticity of demand for vacationers is higher than the elasticity for business travelers because vacationers can choose a substitute more easily than business travelers. For example, vacationers can choose a different mode of transportation (like driving or taking the train), a different destination, a different departure date, and a different return date. They may also choose to not travel at all. Business travelers are less likely to do so because their schedules are less adaptable....