Dichotomous Keys SEgizmo PDF

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Summary

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Description

Name: ___________s t a n t o n b o n k___________________________ Date: ________________________

Student Exploration: Dichotomous Keys Vocabulary: dichotomous key, genus, organism, scientific name, species, traits

Prior Knowledge Question (Do this BEFORE using the Gizmo.) Jerome is walking through a park when he sees the spider shown at left. How could Jerome find out what type of spider it is? He could look at characteristics _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

Gizmo Warm-up In the field, scientists often have to identify an unfamiliar organism (living thing). A reliable way to identify organisms is to use a dichotomous key. A dichotomous key is a series of paired statements or questions that lead to the identification of an organism. The Dichotomous Keys Gizmo allows you to use five different dichotomous keys to identify a variety of organisms. To begin, make sure California Albatrosses and Organism A are selected. 1. Read the two statements at lower right. Which of the two statements most closely matches the characteristics of the bird pictured? ___Large parts of the birds bodies are covered in white feathers ______________________________________________________________________

2. Select that statement and click Next. Continue until you have correctly identified the albatross. If you change your mind about a choice, you can click the Back button. If you incorrectly identify the albatross, you can click the Start Over button and try again. A. What is the name of the albatross? _______Short tailed albatross________________________________ B. The scientific name is shown in italics. Scientific names have two parts: the genus name and the species name. What is the scientific name of this albatross?

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___________Phoebetria albatross ________________________________________________________

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Get the Gizmo ready:

Activity A: Use a dichotomous key

 Make sure the California Albatrosses key is selected.  Select Organism B.

Introduction: As you saw on the previous page, a dichotomous key can help you identify an organism using its characteristics, or traits. The keys in this Gizmo use only physical traits, such as feather color, to identify organisms. In some cases, behavioral traits are used in dichotomous keys. For example, some frog species can be identified by their croaks. Goal: Use a dichotomous key to identify albatross species found in California. 1. Compare: Take a close look at organism B. A. How does organism B differ from organism A? _______Most of organism B’s body is covered in grey feathers and it has pink feet_______________________ ___________________________________________________________________ B. What physical traits do you think can be used to help identify organism B? ________ ____Dark colored head, white crest, grey feathers _______________________________________________________________

2. Identify: Use the Gizmo to identify organism B. Then, identify the other albatrosses included in the California Albatrosses key. Complete the table below. California Albatrosses Organism

Common name

Scientific name

A

Short-tailed albatross

Phoebastria albatrus

B

Light-mantled albatross

Phoebastria albatrus

C

Shy albatross

Thalassarche cauta

D

Wandering albatross

Diomedea exulans

E

Laysan albatross

Phoebastria immutabilis

F

Black-footed albatross

Phoebastria nigripes

3. Think and discuss: What do you think are some limitations of dichotomous keys? _____It can only help when you are identifying an organism that is part of the key ____________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

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Activity B: Identification practice

Get the Gizmo ready:  Select the Canadian Rockies Buttercups key.  Select Organism A.

Introduction: Dichotomous keys are written for small, specific groups of organisms. For example, each dichotomous key in this Gizmo is used to identify six to eight related species found within a geographic region. Goal: Identify a variety of organisms using dichotomous keys. 1. Practice: Use the Gizmo’s dichotomous key to identify all the buttercups. Canadian Rockies Buttercups Organism

Common name

Scientific name

A

Meadow Buttercup

Ranunculus acris

B

White water crowfoot

Ranunculus aquatilis

C

Alkali buttercup

Ranunculus cymbalaria

D

Alpine buttercup

Ranunculus eschscholtzii

E

Macoun’s buttercup

Ranunculus macounii

F

Dwarf buttercup

Ranunculus pygmaeus

2. Analyze: Which traits were used to identify the flowers, and which of these traits did you think were most useful? ___Stem height, petal shape, petal color, and number of petals. The most useful were the colors and petal shape___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

3. Practice: Select the Texas Venomous Snakes key. Use the Gizmo’s dichotomous key to identify all the snakes. Texas Venomous Snakes Organism

Common name

Scientific name

A

Western diamondback rattlesnake

Crotalus atox

B

Scarlet kingsnake

Lampropeltis elapsoides

C

Copperhead

Agkistrodon conortrix

D

Western massasauga rattlesnake

Sistrurus catenatus

E

Cottonmouth

Agkistrodon piscivorous

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F

Timber rattlesnake

Crotalus horridus

G

Coral snake

Micrurus tener

(Activity B continued on next page)

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Activity B (continued from previous page) 4. Reflect: Why is it important to be able to tell a scarlet kingsnake apart from a coral snake? _______A coral snake is venomous while a scarlet kingsnake is nonvenomous __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

5. Practice: Select the Virginia Evergreens key. Use the Gizmo’s dichotomous key to identify all the trees. Virginia Evergreens Organism

Common name

Scientific name

A

Northern white cedar

Thuja occidentalis

B

Loblolly pine

Pinus taeda

C

Norway spruce

Picea abies

D

Eastern hemlock

Tsuga canadensis

E

Dawn redwood

Metasequia glyptostroboides

F

Bald cypress

Taxodium distichum

G

Eastern white pine

Pinus strobus

H

Virginia pine

Pinus virginiana

6. Practice: Select the Florida Cartilaginous Fishes key. Use the Gizmo’s dichotomous key to identify all the fishes. Florida Cartilaginous Fishes Organism

Common name

Scientific name

A

Black tip shark

Carcharhinus limbatus

B

Southern stingray

Dasyatis americana

C

Scalloped hammerhead shark

Sphyrna lewini

D

Sandbar shark

Carcharhinus plumbeus

E

Shortfin mako

Isurus oxyrinchus

F

Bonnethead shark

Sphyrna tiburo

G

Atlantic stingray

Dasyatis sabina

H

Clearnose skate

Raja eglanteria

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Activity C:

Get the Gizmo ready:

Make your own dichotomous key

 Select the California Albatrosses key.

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Goal: Make a dichotomous key. 1. Observe: Now that you’ve learned how to use a dichotomous key, you get to practice making your own. We’ll start with four organisms you’ve already seen:

Short-tailed albatross

Shy albatross

Wandering albatross

Laysan albatross

A. What is one trait that could be used to separate these albatrosses into two groups of two birds each? (Hint: Look at the colors and patterns on their plumage and beaks.) __Solid black feathered wings and black and white patterned feathered wings _________________________________________________________________ B. Use this trait to write statement set #1 in the table below. The statements should be mutually exclusive. In other words, either the albatross has that trait or it doesn’t. C. Observe the albatrosses described by statement #1a. Identify one trait that could be used to differentiate these organisms and use it to write statement set #2. Repeat this step for the albatrosses described by statement #1b. Set 1

Statements

Identity of Organism

a. Solid black feathered wings

Go to #2

b. Black and white feathered wings

Go to #3

a. Beak has a yellow tip

Shy albatross Wandering albatross

b. Beak doesn’t have a yellow tip

Laysan albatross Short-tailed albatross

2

Wander

Wandering albatross Short-tailed albatross

a. Yellow marking or mark on head 3

Laysan albatross Shy albatross

b. Doesn’t have a yellow mark on head

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2. Practice: Choose another key on the Gizmo. Take screen shots of all the organisms included in that key and place them in a separate document. Make a new dichotomous key that could be used to identify these organisms. Turn the key in with this worksheet.

1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup 2019

Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3

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B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2019

2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup 2019

Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup 2019

Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) 2019

Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1

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B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 2019

3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 2019

Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup 2019

White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm 2019

White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2

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B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup 2019

Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2019

Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) 2019

White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2 A.space in between petals 2019

Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 3 2019

B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup 1 A.stem is less than 15 cm White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup 1 B.stem is greater than 15 cm Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup 2019

2 A.space in between petals Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup 2 B.no space in between petals Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup 3 A.green pistil (center of the flower) Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup 2019

Macoun’s buttercup 3 B.a non-green pistil (center of the flower) White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine A. Stem is less than 15cm

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buttercup Dwarf buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup White water 2019

crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup B. Stem is greater than 15cm

A. Space in between petals

b. No space in between petals

A. Green pistil (center of flower)

c. A non-green pistil

White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Alkali buttercup Macoun’s buttercup Dwarf buttercup Meadow buttercup White water crowfoot Alpine buttercup Alkali buttercup Alpine buttercup Macoun’s buttercup White water crowfoot Dwarf buttercup

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Meadow buttercup

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