Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) : Loratadine (Claritin) PDF

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ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE:

Medication

STUDENT NAME _____________________________________

diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and loratadine (Claritin) MEDICATION __________________________________________________________________________

18 REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER ___________

Antihistamines (Benadryl = 1st gen, Claritin = 2nd gen) CATEGORY CLASS ______________________________________________________________________ PURPOSE OF MEDICATION

Expected Pharmacological Action Antihistamine action is on the H1 receptors, which results in the blocking of histamine release in the small blood vessels, capillaries, and nerves during allergic reactions. These medications relieve itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea, but do not relieve nasal congestion. First generation antihistamines produce cholinergic effects and drowsiness.

Therapeutic Use - Mild allergic reactions (seasonal allergic rhinitis, urticaria, mild transfusion reaction) - Anaphylaxis (hypotension, acute laryngeal edema, bronchospasm) - Motion sickness - Insomnia - Often used in combination with sympathomimetics to provide a nasal decongestant effect

Complications - Sedation (Common with 1st generation H1 antagonists) - Anticholinergic effects (Dry mouth, constipation, more common with 1st generation agents) - Gastrointestinal discomfor (Nausea, vomiting, constipation) - Acute toxicity, excitation, hallucinations, incoordination, and seizures in children

Medication Administration oral only

Contraindications/Precautions - Antihistamines are contraindicated during the third trimester of pregnancy, for mothers who are breastfeeding, and for newborns. Newborns are sensitive to the adverse effects, such as sedation, of these medications. - Use cautiously in children and older adults (impact of adverse effects, especially respiratory depression). - Use cautiously in clients who have asthma, seizure disorder, cardiac disease, renal disease, urinary retention, open ‑angle glaucoma, hypertension, and prostate hypertrophy (impact of anticholinergic medications).

Nursing Interventions n/a

Interactions - CNS depressants/alcohol cause additive CNS depression.

Client Education Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness Depending on therapeutic intent, effectiveness is evidenced by the following. - Improvement of allergic reaction (absence of rhinitis, urticaria) - Relief of motion sickness (decreased nausea and vomiting)

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES

- Advise clients taking 1st generation medications to be aware of sedating effects. - Advise clients to avoid alcohol and medications causing CNS depression (opioids, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines).

THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURE

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