DNA and Gene Expression PDF

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DNA and Gene Expression 1. The hereditary material found in all cells is A. DNA. B. rRNA. C. mRNA. D. tRNA. E. ATP. 2. In modern biochemical genetics, the flow of inherited information is from A. protein RNA DNA. B. DNA RNA protein. C. DNA protein RNA. D. RNA DNA protein. E. RNA protein DNA. 3. A gene is physically located on a _____ in the nucleus of a cell. A. chromosome B. messenger RNA C. enzymes D. proteins E. DNA 4. Information from X-ray crystallographic data collected by _______ was used by Watson and Crick in their development of the model of DNA. A. Chargaff B. Griffith C. McClintock D. Franklin E. Hershey and Chase 5. The X-ray diffraction photography of Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins was critical evidence A. indicating that DNA has a double helix structure. B. showing the bases of DNA were held together by hydrogen bonds. C. showing equal numbers of purines and pyrimidines. D.revealing the structure of deoxyribose sugar. E. of the location of each adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. 6. The individual(s) credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA is (are) A. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase. B. James Watson and Francis Crick. C. Erwin Chargaff. D. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. 7. The fact that for a given species the amount of purines in the DNA always matches the number of pyrimidines was first determined by A. Watson and Crick. B. Franklin & Wilkins. C. Hershey and Chase. D. Chargaff. 8. Chargaff's rules of DNA structure states that A. A, T = G, C B. A, G = T, C. C. A = C, T = G. D. A = G, T = C. 9. If a species contains 23% A in its DNA, what is the percentage of guanine it would contain? A. 23% B. 46% C. 25% D. 44% E. 27% 10. The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ____ in DNA. A. cytosine B. uracil C. guanine D. thymine E. ATP 11. Which of the following have nitrogenous bases correctly paired in DNA? A. adenine—guanine; thymine—cytosine B. adenine—uracil; guanine—cytosine C. adenine—thymine; guanine—cytosine D. adenine—adenine; guanine—guanine 12. A nucleotide contains A. DNA and RNA. B. a sugar and a phosphate. C. complementary purines and pyrimidines. D. RNA, protein, and lipids. E. a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. 13. In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "sides" of the ladder are composed of A. sugars. B. bases. C. hydrogen bonds. D. sugar-phosphate molecules. 14. Which of the following is NOT true about DNA? A. has a double helix B. bases held together by hydrogen bonds

C. bases are complementary to each other D. contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil 15. Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in RNA, not in DNA? A. guanine B. adenine C. thymine D. uracil E. cytosine 16. Which of the following nucleotide bases is found only in DNA, not in RNA? A. guanine B. adenine C. thymine D. uracil E. cytosine 17. DNA segments called _____ are at the ends of chromosomes and as they shorten they eventually signal the cell to enter apoptosis. A. transposons B. mutagens C. activated chromatin D. operons E. telomeres 18. When the sheep Dolly was successfully cloned, it was produced by growing an in vitro fertilized egg where the normal egg nucleus had been removed and replaced by a nucleus from an adult. Since this nucleus is from an old mature animal, we would expect it to ______. Interestingly, tests show that this did not happen, a fact that currently puzzles researchers. A. have additional Barr bodies B. be mutatedC. have shorter telomeres D. have longer telomeres 19. Specific DNA sequences that have the ability to move within and out of chromosomes are called A. transposons. B. introns. C. exons. D. operators. E. ribozymes. 25. Which of the following is NOT true about RNA? A. RNA transfers messages from DNA to ribosomes. B. RNA contains the sugar ribose. C. RNA contains adenine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine. D. RNA forms a helix. 20. The function of transfer RNA is to A. carry amino acids to ribosomes. B. transfer nucleotides to the nucleus. C. transmit coded information to the cytoplasm. D. turn DNA on and off. 21. Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the genetic information from the nucleus as it is needed for the construction of a protein? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. mature RNA 22. Which of the classes of RNA molecules carries the amino acids that are added to the growing polypeptide chain? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. ribozyme 23. Which of the classes of RNA molecules is linked with proteins in forming the large and small subunits of a cytoplasmic structure? A. ribosomal RNA B. transfer RNA C. messenger RNA D. ribozymes REPLICATION 24. Which of the following statements about DNA replication is NOT correct? A. Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break. B. Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it. C. The process is a semi-conservative because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule. D. The enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication is DNA polymerase. E. Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds. 25. The enzyme that is used to join complementary DNA nucleotides together is

A. DNA polymerase. B. RNA polymerase. C. helicase. D. ribozyme. E. lipase. 26. Because one original strand of the double-stranded helix is found in each daughter cell, the replication process is called A. proofreading. B. semi-conservative. C. redundant. D. freeing of DNA. 27. Which does NOT describe a function of the DNA polymerase molecule? A. recognize the free nucleotide that pairs with the base on the old strand of DNA B. read the strand of old DNA and recognize the base there C. proofread to ensure that the proper base has been incorporated D. make the proper nucleotide to match with the base read on the old strand 28. In semiconservative DNA replication, each new double helix formed will have A. two new strands and two old strands. B. one new and one old strand in each helix. C. three new strands in one helix and three old strands in the second helix. D. two new and one old strand in one helix and two old and one new strand in second helix. 29. The _____ enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double-helix structure of DNA during replication. A. helicase B. polymerase C. ligase D. extendase E. windase Figure of replication fork 30. In Figure, if A is located on strand 4, then on strand 2 at the same location _ must be present. A. adenine B. thymine C. cytosine D. guanine E. uracil 31. In Figure 25.4, when replication is finished, strand 1 will have the same base composition as strand ___, while strand 2 will have the same base composition as strand ____. A. 2; 3 B. 1; 3 C. 3; 4 D. 1; 4 E. 2; 4 GENE EXPRESSION= TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION 32. Which of the following is NOT part of gene expression? A. transcription B. replication C. translation D. amino acids E. protein synthesis 33. An intervening sequence of DNA that is not expressed is called a(n) A. exon. B. intron. C. replicon. D. promoter. 34. Of the following types of RNA, which is one of the determining factors in cell differentiation? A. tRNA B. rRNA C. mRNA D. cRNA 35. A cell of the pancreas would specialize in producing insulin, among other functions, while a muscle cell would specialize in the production of the protein myosin. This means that A. pancreas and muscle cells have the genes for both insulin and myosin active. B. Active gene in pancreas is the one for insulin, while muscle cells have genes for insulin & myosin. C. Pancreas cells activate gene tO produce insulin, muscle cells activate the gene to produce myosin. D. neither pancreas cells nor muscle cells are specialized. E. only muscle cells can produce proteins.

36. Transcription of part of a DNA molecule with a nucleotide sequence of AAACAACTT results in a mRNA molecule with the complementary sequence of A. GGGAGAACC. B. UUUGUUGAA. C. TTTGAAGCC. D. CCCACCTCC. 37. If one strand of DNA has the base sequence AAGCAA, the complementary strand has which of the following sequences? A. UUCGUU B. TTCGTT C. AAGCAA D. UTCGTU 38. During the process of transcription, the information in A. a protein is converted into RNA information. B. RNA is converted into protein information. C. RNA is converted into DNA information. D. DNA is converted into RNA information. 39. Which is the process that synthesizes mRNA? A. translation B. transcription C. transpositionD. transformation E. translocation 40. Messenger RNA is produced in the A. cytoplasm. B. ribosomes. C. nucleus. D. Golgi E. lysosome. 41. Segments of DNA that are NOT part of the gene are called A. exons. B. introns C. transposons. D. inducers. E. promoters. 42. For translation to take place, which of the following would NOT be required to be present? A. DNA B. mRNA C. tRNA amino acid complex D. rRNA E. ribosome 43. Artificial RNA with a known base sequence was added to a medium containing bacterial ribosomes and a mixture of amino acids. By chemical identification of the resulting polypeptide, researchers could discover the A. transcription factors involved. B. mutation rate. C. codon. D. Chargaff rule. 44. Which is the process by which a protein is constructed in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells? A. translation B. transcription C. transposition D. transformation 45. The genetic code consists of ____ bases that stand for one codon. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 E. 20 46. Which is most directly responsible for the sequence of amino acids in a protein? A. the sequence of the anticodons B. the number of codons in mRNA C. the enzyme that attaches the amino acid to tRNA D. the sequence of codons in mRNA 47. Which of the following processes does NOT take place during translation? A. attachment of a ribosome to mRNA B. growth of a polypeptide chain C. binding of two tRNA molecules/ribosome D. production of mRNA 48. Which is NOT true about the genetic code? A. It is exactly the same in all organisms. B. It is composed of a triplet code of three bases per codon. C. It produces 64 different possibilities of codon sequences D. It contains start and stop codons 49. The ____ of a tRNA molecule will base-pair with the codon of a mRNA molecule. A. DNA sequence B. anticodon C. amino acid binding site D. RNA polymerase

50. Initiation, elongation, and termination are three stages in A. DNA replication. B. error correction by proofreading enzymes. C. mRNA processing. D. translation. E. intron removal. 51. The correct sequence of events in the production of a polypeptide is A. initiation termination elongation B. elongation termination initiation. C. termination elongation initiation. D. initiation elongation termination. 52. Which of the following is NOT true of ribosomes? A. They are produced in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. B. They are made of RNA and proteins. C. They are made of two subunits that only come together when protein synthesis is about to occur. D. They bind only one type of amino acid. E. DNA serves as a template for rRNA. 53. The site of translation is the A. nucleus. B. nucleolus. C. ribosome. D. ribozyme. E. mitochondria. MUTATIONS 54. Gene mutations are A. always deleterious. B. always beneficial. C. radiation-induced changes only. D. alterations in the normal sequence of bases within a gene. E. alterations in the normal sequence of bases outside a gene. 55. If the normal nucleotide sequence was TACGGCATG, what type of gene mutation is present if the resulting sequence becomes TAGGCATG? A. chromosomal mutation B. germinal mutation C. addition mutation D. deletion mutation 56. Which of these is NOT a form of a point mutation? A. nonsense mutation B. missense mutation C. silent mutation D. frameshift...