Documentary AND NON Documentary Sources OF Information PDF

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Summary

Non-documentary sources of information are real-time sources that are crucial in the communication process. When a scientist working on an experiment needs information, he or she will frequently turn to a colleague in the same laboratory rather than a printed page. It's much easier to have a convers...

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DOCUMENTARY AND NON DOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION

NON DOCUMENTARY SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Non-documentary sources of information are real-time sources that are crucial in the communication process. When a scientist working on an experiment needs information, he or she will frequently turn to a colleague in the same laboratory rather than a printed page. It's much easier to have a conversation with an expert than it is to use a bibliography, index, card catalogue, or even a reference

librarian.

Non-documentary

sources

of

information

deliver

information quickly and are simple to use. The main disadvantage of nondocumentary sources of information is that it is expensive when people are separated by a large distance, and it also necessitates the use of highly sophisticated technologies such as a computer system, video conference, and telephone. Government

establishments,

departments,

universities,

technological

institutions, data centres, information centres, referral centres, clearing houses, consultants, technological gatekeepers, and so on are non-documentary sources of information. Non-documentary sources of information include conversations with coworkers, visitors, seminar and conference attendees, and so on. The library's referral service connects you to important non-documentary sources of information, such as the ones listed below. a) Research Associations: Research organisations may form cooperative information centres. There is the possibility of firm-to-firm discussion and information exchange between members of an association in such cases. b) Learned Societies and Professional Institutions: These organisations are the foundation of a discipline or profession. The staff at the headquarters assists

members on a personal level with professional matters, and they may refer questions to an expert member of the body. c) Industrial Liaison Officer: These officers are responsible for providing preliminary information to get a company on the right track, as well as information that must be given personally and accompanied by practical advice to be fully effective. They visit businesses, learn about their needs and problems, and assist them in finding solutions, sometimes right away, but more often by connecting them with specialised sources of information and assistance or referring them to other experts. d) Mass Media: Mass media is a method of disseminating information to the general public through broadcasting, telecasting, or a combination of the two, which is more effective than documentary sources.

SOURCES OF DOCUMENTARY INFORMATION

A document is embodied thought that is a record of work on paper or other material that is suitable for physical handling, transportation across space, and long-term preservation. Manuscripts, handwritten and engraved materials, such as printed books, periodicals, microforms, photographs, gramophone records, tape records, and so on, may be included. Recent advances in science and technology have aided in the creation of a new type of document, namely computer readable forms, such as CDs, DVDs, pen drives, hard discs, and web resources. All documents are records of human observation and thought, and direct human intervention is required in their creation. They give their readers or users some information. A library, as a knowledge gateway, provides access to a wide range of documentary sources of information. Documentary information sources can also be thought of as a type of information product. It is created as part of a service that will be offered to the

user. It's a kind of information consolidation and presentation process that gives data a physical form.

Classification of Documentary Sources of Information

a) C. W. Hanson Classification: C. W. Hanson (1971) divides documentary sources of information into two categories, primary and secondary, in his article "Introduction to science Information Work" published in ASLIB (formerly Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureau but now known as Association for Information Management). I Primary: Primary documents are unique in that they contain original information on the first formulation of any new observation, experiment, or idea. A monograph, a periodical article, a text book, and an encyclopaedia, according to C. W. Hanson, are all primary documents. An article in an encyclopaedia or a textbook may not contain any new information on the subject, but it does present the information in a unique way. The articles in question are not a condensation or rewrite of any existing document, but were written specifically for the textbook or encyclopaedia. ii) Secondary: All secondary publications condense or list the contents of primary documents in a useful manner so that the existence of a primary document is known and access to it is possible. Conference proceedings, theses and dissertations, monographs, and other primary and secondary sources of information have characteristics of both primary and secondary sources of information. Documents that present new facts are classified as primary publications, while those that are reviews are classified as secondary publications. Because of the mixing of primary and secondary sources of information, some experts believe that this division is of little practical use.

b) Denis Grogan Classification: Denis Grogan divided the documents into three categories based on the degree of reorganisation. Primary, secondary, and tertiary are the three levels of education. I Primary Materials: Primary publications are those in which the author provides evidence, describes a discovery, makes or drives a new proposition, or presents new evidence about a previous proposition for the first time. It was made at or near the time of the study, and it was often done by the people who were being studied. It's a foundational, authoritative document about a topic of investigation that's used to create a later derivative work. Thus, primary sources of information are primary sources of new information that have not been filtered through any mechanism such as condensation, interpretation, or evaluation and are the author's original work. A primary publication, according to UNESCO (1968), is a "original scientific paper describing new research, techniques, or apparatus." The term "primary" does not imply "superior." It is distinguished from a secondary source, which is a historical work, such as a scholarly book or article, that is built up from primary sources. Periodicals, patents, standards, reports, reprints, trade journals, classic books, letters, diaries, and other personal papers, photographs, interviews, transcripts, government and historical records, newspaper clippings, and other original sources are all examples of primary sources. The following are some of the benefits of primary publications: When independent primary sources begin to be produced in a subject, it becomes a discipline in its own right. Any research or investigation is first published in primary sources, and it quickly becomes the basic and original sources of communication of information and reports to be used by other users. The information published in primary sources is newly generated, recent, current, full, and up-to-date for all other investigators working in the same field.

The publication of primary sources of information avoids duplication and doubling of effort in research, saving time, money, and labour. It also serves as a guide for researchers working in the same field, pointing out what has been done, to what extent, and so on. The compilation of secondary and tertiary sources of information is aided by primary sources of information. Primary sources of information are frequently the only sources of information available. There are some primary sources of information that have yet to be published. These are frequently consulted for historical purposes. Laboratory notebooks, memoranda, diaries, letters to and from a specific person or company, and so on are examples of such materials. If such material falls within the scope of the library's area of interest or is relevant to its mission, the library will try to obtain it. ii) Secondary Sources: A secondary source of information is a document about a specific subject of inquiry that is derived from or based on the study and analysis of a primary source of information. The original information is selected, modified, and arranged in a suitable format for easy location by the user in the secondary source of information. As a result, secondary sources of information provide digested information while also acting as a bibliographical key to primary sources. Textbooks, reference books, and literature reviews are examples of secondary publications. iii) Tertiary Sources: Tertiary sources of information are the last to appear and generally lack subject knowledge. It serves as a guide to primary and secondary sources of information by providing information about information. The primary purpose of tertiary sources is to assist users in obtaining information from primary and secondary sources. Bibliographies of bibliographies, guides to libraries, other organisations, indexing and abstracting periodicals, lists of accession, lists of research in progress, directories, and so on are tertiary sources of information.

There will eventually be no clear distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources of information. S. R. Ranganathan (c) Classification: S. R. Ranganathan classified documentary sources of information into four categories based on their physical characteristics. These also reflect the progression of their development in a chronological order. They are as follows: I Conventional: Books, periodicals, maps, etc.; ii) Neo Conventional: Standards, specifications, patents, etc.; iii) Non Conventional: Audio visual, microcopy, etc.; iv) Meta Document: Direct records without the intervention of the human mind. Types of Documentary Sources of Information

a) Newspaper: Newspapers are typically published as daily or weekly publications. They are printed on newsprint, which is a type of paper that isn't meant to last. For this reason, they are usually preserved on microfilm. Paper copies of newspapers are usually kept in libraries until microfilm copies arrive. Many newspapers are now available on the Internet, some of which are free and others which require a subscription. b) Periodical: Periodicals are published at regular intervals and are numbered in order. They are assigned volume numbers, with each volume consisting of several issues. Journals and magazines are examples of periodicals. I Journal: A scholarly publication dedicated to disseminating current information about research and developments in a specific field or subfield of human knowledge is referred to as a journal. Journals are usually published on a regular basis. Most journal articles are lengthy and include an abstract at the start that summarises the main points of the article, as well as a bibliography or list of works cited at the end. The majority of journal articles are peer-reviewed.

ii) Magazine: A magazine is a non-scholarly publication that contains popular reading and is written for an educated audience. c) Reprint: After an article is published in a journal, additional copies are printed and given to the author separately. In most cases, a fixed number is provided free of charge. Additional copies are available for a fee; these copies are referred to as reprints and are used to exchange information with other scientists in the same field. d) House Journal: A house journal is a publication issued by an organisation to inform the public about its performance and style of function, as well as to learn about the public's reaction and opinions. There are two types of house journals: I External House Journal: An organization's external audience receives the external house journal. An organization's external audience refers to those who are interested in the organisation but do not work for it. ii) Internal House Journal: Internal house journals are for employees who work under the same roof as the company. In general, it aims to inform and educate all levels of employees about the organization's activities, functions, and so on. e) Newsletter: A newsletter is a publication issued by an organisation that is typically simple in format and crisp in style, with the goal of providing timely information to a specific audience. Newsletters are published on a regular basis and have a limited lifespan. It's a small publication with only four to eight pages and a few pictures and illustrations. In general, organisations that do not use house journals find that newsletters are a good substitute. Some newsletters are aimed at employees, while others are aimed at the general public. f) Patents: A patent describes a new manufacturing process, an improvement to an existing process, a new product, a new method of testing and control, and so on. When a manufacturer makes an invention, he usually wants to protect it, so patent offices in various countries issue the patent, which gives the manufacturer an exclusive right to the invention. It takes the form of an official

document bearing the government's seal, admitting an exclusive privilege or right to the proceeds of an invention for a set period of time. g) Standards: Standards are weight, size, length, quality, composition, manufacturing process, and other units or measures established by national and international organisations. Standards are often established through testing, research, and study, and they specify a product's acceptable quality or performance value. h) Research Report: Research reports are published as part of an organization's annual report or as a separate report published at regular intervals by individuals and agencies who receive research grants and are required to produce them as a condition of those grants. The research reports are typically printed in small quantities and distributed in a controlled and restricted manner. I Trade and Product Bulletin / Journal: Trade journals publish primary articles that are applied research in nature. It contains information about the goods that a company makes or sells. It is frequently illustrated and includes prices, as well as application-oriented rather than theoretical descriptions. These are published by R&D organisations, trade associations, and other organisations. All trade journals started out with the goal of promoting products. For a long time, the complete description, principles, and operation of a newly developed and highly sophisticated instrument may only be available in manufacturer trade journals. For instance, International Product Finder. Business Press, Bombay. j) Conference Proceedings: Many conference proceedings present new research findings or results for the first time, or at least months before they are published in scientific journals. In some cases, conference proceedings include questions from attendees as well as responses and clarifications from the paper's authors. The conference proceedings usually include a statement of objectives, an opening or presidential address, a list of participants or a who's who of the conference, resolutions or recommendations, and so on.

k) Thesis and Dissertation: Theses and dissertations are the outcomes of purely academic endeavours. It describes some original research in a particular field. Thesis and dissertations are probably the least used primary sources of information, owing to the fact that their existence is not well known in many cases and the limited number of copies available. l) Treatise: A treatise is a book that covers a wide range of topics in depth. Its coverage of the subject is encyclopaedic, but its treatment is unique. It presents the results of fieldwork and research in a systematic and consolidated manner, with full citations to primary sources. m) Monograph: A monograph has a more limited scope than a treatise. A monograph focuses on a single topic, whereas a treatise covers a broad range of topics. Research monographs are self-published reports on original research that are either too long, too specialised, or otherwise unsuitable for publication in a traditional journal. Each monograph is self-contained, often summarising existing theory or practise in addition to the author's original work. n) Review: A review is a narrative account or critical synthesis of the progress of a specific field of study written by a subject matter expert. It repositions, evaluates, and puts each significant contribution into context. It shows how ideas are related, their importance, and potential applications, among other things, so that one can quickly gain an expert perspective on the subject without having to sift through a mountain of literature. o) Text Book: A text book is made up of continuous exposition; sentences become paragraphs, paragraphs become chapters, and chapters become woven into a single swelling exposition in the pursuit of a single simple or complex idea, and text books are read in order for inspiration, enjoyment, or information. At each stage, there is a link. There's a sense of continuity here. "A text book is a teaching instrument," Grogan says, "and its primary goal is to develop understanding of its subject rather than to import information about it." Rather than recounting details, it focuses on demonstrating principles."

p) State of the Art Report: These are reviews that don't have a broad scope or a historical perspective. These present information gathered from a variety of sources and subjected to analysis, consolidation, extraction, and evaluation in a formal presentation that represents the highest level of technical achievement in its field at the time. Some were created in response to a specific request, while others are released on a regular basis, often once a year. The State of the Art report focuses on the most recent and cutting-edge ideas. q) Trend Report: Based on a review of current development documents, a trend report describes the general direction of research in the subject. r) Technical Digest: A digest service is aimed at industry executives, engineers, and technical workers, among others. It gives you the most up-to-date technical information. It presents information in a condensed form with a focus on the core ideas in a concise and orderly manner....