Domain Bacteria Chart PDF

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Summary

TMHS Putnam...

Description

Domain Bacteria Cell Characteristics: Cell Wall Gram-positive

have a cell wall composed of a thick layer of a particular substance (called peptidoglycan)

Gram-negative

have a second plasma membrane which blocks antibiotic drugs, making infections difficult to treat. Cell Characteristics: Shape

Spirillum, Spirilla

Spiral shape

Bacillus, Bacilli

Rod shape

Coccus, Cocci

Round shape Cell Characteristics: Oxygen Requirement

Aerobes

unable to grow in the absence of free oxygen

Obligate Anaerobes

unable to grow in the presence of free oxygen

Facultative Anaerobes

able to grow in either the presence or absence of free oxygen Cell Characteristics: Metabolism

Autotrophic Bacteria

A bacteria that is able to make its own food

Photoautotrophs: use solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to organic compounds and are photosynthetic

Chemoautotrophs: oxidize inorganic compounds to obtain energy and that energy is used to reduce CO2 to an organic compound

Do Not Produce Oxygen: - Photosystem I - Unique type of chlorophyll called bacteriochlorophyll

Do Produce Oxygen: - Photosystems I and II - Type of chlorophyll a found in plants

Heterotrophic Bacteria

Bacteria that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Chemoheterotrophs: an organism which derives its energy from chemicals, and needs to consume other organisms in order to live.

Saprotrophs: organism that feeds on nonliving organic matter known as detritus at a microscopic level

Domain Bacteria Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism: Both species benefit form association Mutualistic bacteria live in human intestines and release vitamins K and B12 which help produce blood components

Examples of Mutualistic Bacteria: Azotobacter, Beijerinckia, and Clostridium Rhizobium, associated with leguminous plants, and various Azospirillum species, associated with cereal grasses

Commensalism: One population modifies the environment in such a way that a second population benefits Obligate anaerobes live in our intestine because bacterium E. coli uses up oxygen

Examples of Commensal Bacteria: propionibacterium acnes bacteria (P. acnes), for the skin, intestinal microbiota, bifidobacterium, for the intestines, andEscherichia coli (E. coli), for the urinary and rectal tracts

Parasitism: Parasite benefits at host experience, disease-causing bacteria are called pathogens Many from Endospores

Examples of Parasitic Bacteria (Pathogens): salmonella, syphilis, gonorrhea, cholera, smallpox and the bubonic plague

Pathogenic Mechanisms of Disease Endospores

a dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria from the Firmicute phylum.

Toxins

a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism and is usually very unstable Cyanobacteria

Formerly called the blue-green algae (Cyanophyta) Cyanobacteria are Gram-negative bacteria that are photosynthetic. Believed to be responsible for introducing oxygen into the primitive atmosphere Lack visible means of locomotion Can live in extreme environments In association with fungi, form lichens They possess heterocysts, cells without nuclei, where nitrogen fixation occurs. Cyanobacterial “blooms” result from pollution in lakes and ponds....