Domestic gangs PDF

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Domestic Gangs West Coast Latino Gangs Socal Latino gangs are not the oldest street gangs In the US CA Latino street gang behaviors have had a major influence on other street gangs how gangs started: o gangs started as a result of gang migration and some mimic LA-based Latino gangs o others were formed by undocumented immigrants for protection against gangs \ o first generation Latinos born in the US MX street gangs started in LA in the early 1900s o due to the Alamo  US troops surrounded to MX, but MX troops had them executed —> led to “remember to alamo” as a battle cry o treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo marked the end of the war and US annexed the northwestern part of MX to put them in the US  they paid 15m— MX sold the land to the US o MX people felt that the US took this land from MX o MX people became neutralized as US citizens o a lot of MX people didn’t like US because of what happened at the Alamo events that shaped and direct the behaviors of street gangs nationwide: o rapid growth of LA o historical events o Gold Rush migration to the West MX street gangs formed due to: o economic conditions, prejudice, and racism Irish and MX gangs formed for similar reasons: o bias, racism, and class distinction there was an underground drug and prostitution market between El Paso and LA MX settle and live where other MX are, or where other family and friends are White Fence Gang is in downtown LA El Paso Tip = the prison gang —> are you tipped = are you in the gang hand to hand combat/ritual fighting to enter into a gang Micky Garcia was probably one of the first MX street gang members to adopt this popular style of dress o zoot suits get introduced from the trade route of LA —> El Paso

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italian mobsters in the 1920s invented the original root suit, not MX street gangs Chuco = from El Paso Maravilla housing project was the first housing project in LA o Other housing projects developed then there was competition for jobs, women, turf, etc. which would be handled between the people not police o Turf wars for MX street gangs started with housing projects Sleepy Lagoon Murder o MX Street gang behavior started to change after the murder of Jose Diaz— police thought that Henry Leyvas was responsible; 17 youth were sent to prison and were treated badly o MX people thought that the trial and fixed and based on race  enemy = the system o when this trial was appealed, it confirmed that the system and police were bad. the conviction was based on prejudice, bias, and racism o Henry Leyvas was from the 38th street gang Zoot Suit Riots some young MX people did not volunteer for the draft anti-Mexican sentiment because of WW2 visiting military were dating and socializing with MX women — MX men didn’t like o a conflict between military personnel and MX street gang members  military assaulted MX but military was never arrested — police arrest gang members instead o military personnel thought that the MX did not contribute to the war effort  they blamed the young MX and street gang members that wore zoot suits  zoot suits = wasted fabric o cause: animosity between the US military personnel in LA and young MX american population 1950s = rapid urban sprawl in la —> manmade structures like freeways defined turf boundaries o Mother of all gangs = maravilla  They put the number 13 on gang members. 13th letter of the alphabet = M. M for maravilla  Maravilla is one of the oldest and violent LA street gangs  This was before the Mexican mafia o Chicano means racial pureness (an Aztec word)

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o Tattoos became a silent billboard for gang affiliation o 13 Eslo is gang term for east LA. They formed the gang of gangs. They started the first prison gang in CA. They were later on called La Eme. Gang was initially formed for protection against other inmates and prison staff— to unite Latino street gang members o Ese = letter S. Represents Syndicato — in Texas o In SoCal, ese = letter S. Represents sureno or southerner 1960s o everyone wanted drugs, so gang members started selling and using drugs — getting into the drug business o gang ethics  never commit crimes in your own neughborhood  never involve innocent people like women and children  schools are considered neutral grounds, as well as churches, stores, and movie theaters o if a gang violated this rule, all gangs would turn against that gang o the older gang members enforced these rules 1970s o police started sending gang leaders to prison — not a good idea. o these surrogate parents were now gone and the younger gang members matured with no rules or ethics, so violence started up again 1980s

gang recruitment o you cant say no to joining a gang because they can end up with threats o youth join gangs to protect themselves o people have to “jump in” by fighting other gang members to be initiated into the gang vehicles o a gang member can drive any type of car — not just the stereotypical Chevy allegiance and loyalty o gang members will remain loyal to their barrio for the rest of their lives non-verbal communication used by gang members: hand signs o can be used as a form of intimidation

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mad dogging graffiti

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Sureno vs Norteno Gangs surenos (SUR) identify with the number 13 nortenos (NOR) identify with ENE La Eme = CA’s first prison gang o originally formed for protection from other prison populations o membership based o race o Northern MX in CA = “unsophisticated” because they spoke Spanish and worked in farming areas o Southern MX in CA = more acclimated to American culture La Eme wanted to unite all MX people in the state prison system, but a fight over shoes that resulted in the death of Mad-dog (Hector Padilla) solidified the rivalry between North and South o “Robot” wore Mad-Dog’s shoes and a fight broke out Mad Dog’s murder = northern MX formed Nuestra Familia (the second CA prison gang) o it was formed to protect northern MX from La Eme o NF identifies with the number 14 and the color red o CA prison gangs were the first gang to use the colors blue and red — not the Bloods and Crips Sureno gangs typically wear khaki, black, or blue colors Norteno gangs typically wear red

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18th Street Gang theyre the largest Hispanic gang in the US o due to a massive gang recruitment and expansion of 18th street to other states  membership grew quickly because the did not have a racial barrier to limit membership  they also recruit really young children  members were mainly immigrant youth and youth of mixed racial backgrounds  they were the first gang to break membership barriers  anyone could join the gang as long as they pledge allegiance to the gang originally formed in the 1960s because youth were denied access to join Clanton Street Gang they were originally called “Black Wrist” , then Latin Kings then to Baby Aranas 18th street formed because of racism, bias, prejudice — between

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non-MX and MX 18th street becomes one of the first Hispanic gangs to established non-CA cliques o many members migrated to other parts of the country because of drug trafficking main criminal activity = drug trafficking = primary source of income o they also get money from tax collection o they have ties with Colombian and MX drug cartels o 78% of all street gangs are involved in some type of drug transaction people in 18th street tattoo the number 18 on their bodies as a sign of gang membership (gang specific tattoo) o or 666 (which equals 18) theyre mostly seen wearing brown/black pants and white t shirts they use graffiti to make turf o they rival with MS13 they ally themselves with sureno based gangs

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Clanton Street Gang o the first members here were caucasian youth, then it was all Hispanic males —> then some Koreans o had to be 100% mx to join o undocumented immigrant youth, non-MX hispanics, and people with mixed ancestry weren’t allowed to join o CSG is the only sureno gang in the US thats allowed to use the number 14

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MS 13 (Mara Salvatrucha) 1980s, color blue, Salvadorian immigrants is a sureno gang, but not directly tied to the MX mafia it became a gang and resorted to violence to compete with existing LA based street gangs why do street gangs form? influx of legal and undocumented refugees and immigrants from other countries  this happens because people want to escape extreme poverty and internal inflict in their home countries MS-13 operates worldwide in various countries there are no clear estimates of MS13 gang populations nationally or international — difficult to keep track MS-13 formed because MX gangs were discriminating them and they victimized Salvadorian immigrants. Some even joined 18th street gang, but left to form MS-13

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its reported that the founding members were heavy metal stoners intially, the gang provided protection, assistance, and help for immigrants. o then the gang grew rapidly— enough to influence street gang activity in LA they rival with 18th street gang— they battled for turf control, which increased tension o more conflict with the MX mafia and other Hispanic gangs because some MS13 cliques didn’t pay a tribute they are a turf oriented gang some socal MS13 cliques used the number 13 to show that they had an alliance with the Surenos o before this alliance, they were just “MS” MS is not like other street gangs because some members maintain active ties with family members and MS faction in central America and MX America’s appetite for illegal drugs drives an underground import that is controlled by street gangs o east coast MS sell drugs for a higher price than west coast MS does gangs are involved in the drug business because the drug market is profitable, and $$$ 70% of central american youth who join a gang are either members of Ms13 or Mara 18 (these two gangs are rivals) o as US deported criminal illegal gang members back to Central american, violence ensued there there were a few MS13 female gang members, but not a lot. o most MS13 members are of Salvadorian descent, but there are also some that come from other central american countries and MX east coast MS gangs formed for the same reasons as the west coast ones, but for the east coast MS, most gang members were from the east coast— not from SoCal o therefore, you couldn’t really link east coast members with west coast to make money, MS gang members on both coasts turned to illegal activities like drugs, human trafficking, auto theft, extortion, assault, murder, etc. some MS13 members tend to live a double life— do gang activities at night and work jobs in the day illegal immigration and re-immigration have made MS and 18th street gangs the two fastest growing gangs in the US o the fear of being victimized has lead to people complying to gangs

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o more violence = more fear = more respect for gang members there can be more than one clique of the gang many MS13 members wear black and white colored Nike Cortez shoes o many gang members will typically wear black and blue colored Nike brand clothing each local gang clique is run by member called the “shot caller” barras = Honduras = soccer...