Drug properties PDF

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Summary

properties of various types of drugs...

Description

CNS Stimulants drug amphetamines

MOA Blocks VMAT, increases dopamine/norepinephrin e at synapse

effects Short term Euphoria/ reward Overstimulation Insomnia Increase in blood pressure and respiration

abuse Abuse potential: very high Tolerance: to some effects Addiction: yes Dependence: yes

Therapeutic uses Narcolepsy adhd

Long term Chronic sleeping problems Poor appetite Psychosis

cocaine

Blocks reuptake of dopamine Increases dopamine at synapse

Same as amphetamines but shorter time of action Same as amphetamines

Rearely used Abuse potential: very high Tolerance: to some effects Addiction: yes Dependence: yes

nicotine

Smoking sessation Stimulates nicotinic receptors

caffeine

Blocks adenosine

Addiction: yes Abuse potenetial: yes Tolerance: no Dependence: yes

receptors Cns depressants drug benzodiazipines

MOA Activation of benzo receptor increases frequency of chloride channels being open

effect High TI Anti-anxiety Sedation Amnesia Decrease aggression Muscle relaxation

Substance dependence Abuse potential: low Tolerance: yes Dependence: yes Addiction: in some individuals

treatment Flumazenil

Poor thinking, impaired judgement, slurred speech, discoordination barbiturates

Activation of barb increases duration of chloride channel being open

Low TI Tranquility Relaxation Mild euporia Induce sleep Motor coordination

Abuse potential: high Tolerance: yes Dependence: yes Addiction: yes

Impaired memory and thinking Mood swings/ depression Alcohol (ethanol)

Binds to chloride ion channel and augments inhibitory GABA signalling

Abuse potential: significant Tolerance: yes Addiction: yes Dependence: yes

Benzodiazepines Alcohol-deterrent and alcohol sensitizing drugs

cannabis

Binds to CB receptors and modulates neurotransmitter release in retrograde manner CB1 receptors: high concentration in brain, responsible for cognitive alterations

opioids

CB2 receptors: found in periphery, responsible for immunosuppressive qualities Reduce release of transmitters mediating pain impulses Block postsynaptic effects of transmitters Activate inhibitor pathways Reduce emotional reaction to pain

Euphoria, relaxation Distortiaons of time taste and color Decrease in concentration and cognitive function Impaired motor coordination

Abuse: low Tolerance: yes Dependence: yes Addiction: yes

Cannabis can treat - Loss of appetite - Glaucoma - Epilepsy - Neuropathic pain

Abuse: high

Can relieve pain Treat diarrhea

Should be avoided in pregnancy In smoking lung cancer

Analgesa Sedatation/ hypnosis Cough suppression Miosis Constipation Respiratory depression Reduced release of sex hormones

Tolerance: yes, except constipation and pupils Addiction: ye Dependence: yes

Naloxone is an antaganoist used in overdose Methadone can treat opioid addictions, has low abuse...